Pas303 Chapter 14

Front 1

abdomin/o

celi/o

lapar/o

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

an/o

Back 2

anus

Front 3

appendic/o

Back 3

appendix

Front 4

bil/i

chol/e

Back 4

bile

Front 5

bucc/o

Back 5

check

Front 6

cheil/o

Back 6

lip

Front 7

col/o

colon/o

Back 7

colon

Front 8

cyst/o

Back 8

bladder or sac

Front 9

dent/i

Back 9

teeth

Front 10

doch/o

Back 10

duct

Front 11

duoden/o

Back 11

duodenum

Front 12

enter/o

Back 12

small intestine

Front 13

esophag/o

Back 13

esophagus

Front 14

gastr/o

Back 14

stomach

Front 15

gingiv/o

Back 15

gum

Front 16

gloss/o

lingu/o

Back 16

tongue

Front 17

hepat/o

hepatic/o

Back 17

liver

Front 18

herni/o

Back 18

hernia

Front 19

ile/o

Back 19

ileum

Front 20

inguin/o

Back 20

groin

Front 21

jejun/o

Back 21

jejunum

empty

Front 22

lith/o

Back 22

stone

Front 23

or/o

stomat/o

Back 23

mouth

Front 24

pancreat/o

Back 24

pancreas

Front 25

peritone/o

Back 25

peritoneum

Front 26

phag/o

Back 26

eat or swallow

Front 27

proct/o

Back 27

anus and rectum

Front 28

pylor/o

Back 28

phylorus

gatekeeper

Front 29

rect/o

Back 29

rectum

Front 30

sial/o

Back 30

saliva

Front 31

sigmoid/o

Back 31

sigmoid colon

resembles

Front 32

steat/o

Back 32

fat

Front 33

-emesis

Back 33

vomiting

Front 34

oral cavity

Back 34

cavity that receives food for digestion

Front 35

mouth

salivary glands

Back 35

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual

Front 36

mouth

cheek

Back 36

lateral walls of the mouth

Front 37

mouth

lips

Back 37

fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

Front 38

mouth

palate

Back 38

structure that forms the roof of the mouth; it is divided into the hard and soft palate

Front 39

mouth

uvula

Back 39

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Front 40

mouth

toungue

Back 40

muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and held down by a band-like membrane known as frenulum

Front 41

mouth

gums

Back 41

tissue covering the processes of the jaws

Front 42

mouth

teeth

Back 42

hard bony projections in the jaws that serve to masticate (chew) food

Front 43

pharynx

Back 43

throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx

Front 44

esophagus

Back 44

muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 45

stomach

Back 45

sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus

Front 46

cardiac sphincter

Back 46

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

sphincter= band

Front 47

pyloric sphincter

Back 47

opening of the stomach into the duodenum

Front 48

small intestine

Back 48

tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach

Front 49

small intestine

duodenum

Back 49

first portion of the small intestine

Front 50

small intestine

jejunum

Back 50

second portion of the small intestine

Front 51

small intestine

ileum

Back 51

third portion of the small intestine

Front 52

large intestine

Back 52

larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation

Front 53

large intestine

cecum

Back 53

first part of the large intestine

Front 54

large intestine

vermiform appendix

Back 54

worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function-may serve to resist infection (vermi=worm)

Front 55

colon

Back 55

portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape

Front 56

ascending colon

Back 56

portion that extends upward from the cecum

Front 57

transverse colon

Back 57

portion that extends across from the ascending colon

Front 58

descending colon

Back 58

portion that extends down from the transverse colon

Front 59

sigmoid colon

Back 59

portion (resembling an s) that terminates at the rectum

Front 60

rectum

Back 60

distal(end) portion of the large intestine

Front 61

rectal ampulla

Back 61

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

Front 62

anus

Back 62

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

Front 63

feces

Back 63

refuse; solid waste formed in the large intestine

Front 64

defecation

Back 64

evacuation of feces from the rectum

Front 65

peritoneum

Back 65

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)

Front 66

peritoneal cavity

Back 66

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Front 67

omentum

Back 67

a covering; and extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

Front 68

liver

Back 68

organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

Front 69

gallbladder

Back 69

receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver

Front 70

pancreas

Back 70

gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

Front 71

biliary ducts

Back 71

ducts that convey bile, including hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts

Front 72

hypochondriac regions

Back 72

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

Front 73

epigastric region

Back 73

upper middle region below the sternum

Front 74

lumbar regions

Back 74

middle lateral regions

Front 75

umbilical region

Back 75

region of the naval

Front 76

inguinal regions

Back 76

lower lateral groin regions

Front 77

hypogastric region

Back 77

region below the navel

Front 78

anorexia

Back 78

loss of appetite

orexia=appetite

Front 79

aphagia

Back 79

inability to swallow

Front 80

ascites

Back 80

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ascos=bag

Front 81

buccal

Back 81

in the cheek

Front 82

constipation

Back 82

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass

Front 83

diarrhea

Back 83

frequent loose or liquid stools

Front 84

dyspepsia

Back 84

indigestion

peptein=to digest

Front 85

dysphagia

Back 85

difficulty in swallowing

Front 86

eructation

Back 86

belch

Front 87

flatulence

Back 87

gas in the stomach or intestine

flatus=a blowing

Front 88

halitosis

Back 88

bad breath

halitus= breath

Front 89

hematochezia

Back 89

red blood in the stool

chezo=defecate

Front 90

hematemesis

Back 90

vomiting blood

Front 91

hepatomegaly

Back 91

enlargement of the liver

Front 92

hyperbilirubinemia

Back 92

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment in the blood

Front 93

icterus

jaundice

Back 93

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood

jaundice=yellow

Front 94

melena

Back 94

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

Front 95

nausea

Back 95

sick in the stomach

Front 96

steatorrhea

Back 96

feces containing fat

Front 97

sublingual

hypoglossa

Back 97

under the tongue

Front 98

stomatitis

Back 98

inflammation of the mouth

Front 99

sialoadenitis

Back 99

inflammation of a salivary gland

Front 100

parotitis

parotiditis

Back 100

inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

Front 101

cheilitis

Back 101

inflammation of the lip

Front 102

glossitis

Back 102

inflammation of the tongue

Front 103

ankyloglossia

Back 103

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

Front 104

gingivitis

Back 104

inflammation of the gums

Front 105

esophageal varices

Back 105

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

Front 106

esophagitis

Back 106

inflammation of the esophagus

Front 107

gastritis

Back 107

inflammation of the stomach

Front 108

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

Back 108

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causes burning pain in the esophagus

Front 109

pyloric stenosis

Back 109

narrowed condition of the pylorus

Front 110

peptic ulcer disease

PUD

Back 110

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Front 111

gastric ulcer

Back 111

ulcer located in the stomach

Front 112

duodenal ulcer

Back 112

ulcer located in the duodenum

Front 113

gastroenteritis

Back 113

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Front 114

enteritis

Back 114

inflammation of the small intestine

Front 115

ileitis

Back 115

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

Front 116

colitis

Back 116

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

Front 117

ulcerative colitis

Back 117

chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations

Front 118

diverticulum

Back 118

a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

Front 119

diverticulosis

Back 119

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel

Front 120

diverticulitis

Back 120

inflammation of diverticula

Front 121

dysentary

Back 121

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

Front 122

appendicitis

Back 122

inflammation of the appendix

Front 123

hernia

Back 123

protrusion of a part from its normal location

Front 124

hiatal hernia

Back 124

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm

Front 125

inguinal hernia

Back 125

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layer of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

Front 126

incarcerated hernia

Back 126

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

Front 127

strangulated hernia

Back 127

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

Front 128

umbilical hernia

Back 128

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

Front 129

volvulus

Back 129

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Front 130

polyposis

Back 130

multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

Front 131

polyp

Back 131

tumor on a stalk

Front 132

proctitis

Back 132

inflammation of the rectum and anus

Front 133

anal fistula

Back 133

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum

Front 134

hemorrhoid

Back 134

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

Front 135

peritonitis

Back 135

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 136

hepatitis

Back 136

inflammation of the liver

Front 137

Hepatitis A

Back 137

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitic A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

Front 138

Hepatitis B

Back 138

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

Front 139

Hepatitis C

Back 139

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

Front 140

cirrhosis

Back 140

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

Front 141

cholangitis

Back 141

inflammation of the bile ducts

Front 142

cholecystitis

Back 142

inflammation of the gallbladder

Front 143

cholelithiasis

Back 143

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Front 144

choledocholithiasis

Back 144

presence of stones in the common bile duct

Front 145

pancreatitis

Back 145

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 146

endoscopy

Back 146

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis ore treatment; used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and perform procedures such as biopsies, excision of lesion, dilations of narrowed areas, and removal of swallowed objects

Front 147

esophagoscopy

Back 147

examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope

Front 148

gastroscopy

Back 148

examination of the stomach with a gastroscope

Front 149

upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Back 149

examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope; also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy

Front 150

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

ERCP

Back 150

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examin the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 151

laparoscopy

Back 151

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparscope-often including interventional surgical procedures

Front 152

peritoneoscopy

Back 152

examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope; often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy specimen

Front 153

capsule endoscopy

Back 153

examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and swallowed; images are transmitted to a wait-belt recorder and downloaded onto a computer for assessment of possible abnormalities; traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine because of its length and complexity

Front 154

colonoscopy

Back 154

examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope

Front 155

sigmoidoscopy

Back 155

examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

Front 156

proctoscopy

Back 156

examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope

Front 157

magnetic resonance image of the abdomen

Back 157

nonionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 158

nuclear medicine

Back 158

radionuclide organ imaging

Front 159

liver scan

Back 159

scan of the liver made after injection of radioactive tracer into the bloodstream; used to detect tumors and functional abnormalities

Front 160

radiography

Back 160

x-ray imaging

Front 161

upper GI series

Back 161

x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium

Front 162

barium swallow

Back 162

x-ray of the esophagus only; used to locate swallowed objects

Front 163

fluoroscopy

Back 163

x-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion

Front 164

small bowel series

Back 164

x-ray exam of the small intestine- generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

Front 165

lower GI series

barium enema

Back 165

x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

Front 166

cholangiogram

Back 166

x-ray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Front 167

cholecystogram

Back 167

x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine

Front 168

computed tomography (CT) of abdomen

Back 168

cross-sectional x-ray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract

Front 169

CT colonography

Back 169

computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative to traditional invasive colonscopy; also known as virtual colonscopy

Front 170

sonography

Back 170

ultrasound imaging

Front 171

abdominal sonogram

Back 171

ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease of deformity in organs and vascular structures

Front 172

endoscopic sonography

Back 172

endoscopic procedure using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to examine a body cavity and make sonographic images of structures and tissues

Front 173

biopsy

Back 173

removal of tissue for microscopic pathological examination

Front 174

endoscopic biopsy

Back 174

removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure

Front 175

excisional biopsy

Back 175

removal of an entire lesion for examination

Front 176

incisional biopsy

Back 176

removal of a portion of a lesion for examination

Front 177

needle biopsy

Back 177

percutaneous removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle

Front 178

stool culture and sensitivity

C&S

Back 178

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organism; if present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed

Front 179

stool occult blood study

Back 179

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive finding indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 180

bariatric surgery

Back 180

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food

Front 181

cheiloplasty

Back 181

repair of the lip

Front 182

glossectomy

Back 182

excision of all or part of the tongue

Front 183

glossorrhaphy

Back 183

suture of the tongue

Front 184

esophagoplasty

Back 184

repair of the esophagus

Front 185

gastrectomy

Back 185

partial or complete removal of the stomach

Front 186

gastric resection

Back 186

partial removal and repair of the stomach

Front 187

abdominocentesis

paracentesis

Back 187

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

Front 188

laparotomy

Back 188

incision into the abdomen

Front 189

laparoscopic surgery

Back 189

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

Front 190

herniorrhaphy

hernioplasty

Back 190

repair of a hernia

Front 191

colostomy

Back 191

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create and abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer or obstructions

Front 192

anastomosis

Back 192

union of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery

Front 193

ileostomy

Back 193

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ideal discharges; performed after removal of the colon

Front 194

appendectomy

Back 194

excision of a diseased appendix

Front 195

incidental appendectomy

Back 195

removal of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure

Front 196

polypectomy

Back 196

excision of polyps

Front 197

proctoplasty

Back 197

repair of the anus and rectum

Front 198

anal fistulectomy

Back 198

excision of an anal fistula

Front 199

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 199

excision of hemorrhoids

Front 200

hepatic lobectomy

Back 200

excision of a lobe of the liver

Front 201

cholecystectomy

Back 201

excision of the gallbladder

Front 202

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Back 202

excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

Front 203

cholelithotomy

Back 203

incision for removal of gallstones

Front 204

choledocholithotomy

Back 204

incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones

Front 205

cholelithotripsy

Back 205

crushing of gallstones

Front 206

pancreatectomy

Back 206

excision of the pancreas

Front 207

gastric lavage

Back 207

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment

Front 208

nasogastric (NG) intubation

Back 208

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes

Front 209

antacid

Back 209

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

Front 210

antiemetic

Back 210

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Front 211

antispasmodic

Back 211

drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

Front 212

cathartic

Back 212

drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative