Parts Of The Cell (Structure And Function)

Front 1

plasma membrane

Back 1

*made of double layer of lipids within which protiens are embedded
*externally facing protiens and some lipids have attached sugar groups
* Serves as the external cell barrier : acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

*cellular regions between the nuclear and plasma membrane : consist of fluid cytosol,organelles,inclusions

Front 3

Mitochrondia

Back 3

*rodlike double membrane structures
*Site of ATp synthesis
*powerhouse of cell

Front 4

Ribosomes

Back 4

*dense particles consisting of two subunits (RNA and protien
*Free or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
*Site of protien synthesis

Front 5

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 5

*membrane system enclosing a cavity
*Externally studded with ribosomes
*sugar groups are attached to protiens within the citernae:protiens are bound to in vesicules for transport to the Golgi apparatus and other sites
* external face synthesizes phospholipids and cholestrol

Front 6

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 6

*membranous system of sacs and tubiles: free of robosomes
*Site of lipis & steriod synthesis,lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

Front 7

Golgi apparatus

Back 7

*stack of smooth membrane sacs and associated vesicles close to the nucleus
* Packages, modifies and segrates protiens for secretion for the cell
*inclusion in lysosomes
*Incorporation into the plasma membrane

Front 8

Lysosomes

Back 8

*membranous sacs containing acid hydrolases
*site of intercellular digestion

Front 9

peroxisomes

Back 9

*membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
*detoxify a number of tonic substances :the most important enzyme

Front 10

Microtubles

Back 10

*cyndrical structures made of tublin protien
*support the cell and give its shape
*involved in intracellular and cellular movement
*form centrioles

Front 11

Microfilaments

Back 11

* Fine filaments of the contrile protien actin
*involes in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement
*help form the cells cytoskeleton ,cilia and flangella if present

Front 12

Intermediate filament

Back 12

*protien fibers composition varies
*stable cytoskeleton elements
*resist mechanical forces acting on cell

Front 13

Centrioles

Back 13

*paired cyndrical bodies each composed of nine tripiets of microtubles
*Organize a microtuble network during mitosis
*forms the bases of cilia and flagella

Front 14

Cilia

Back 14

*short cell surface projections; each cilium composed of nine pairs of microtubles surronding a central pair
* move in unison creating a unidirectional current that propels substances accross cell surfaces

Front 15

Flagella

Back 15

*Like cilium,but longer Only ex in humans is sperm tail
* propels the cell

Front 16

Inclusions

Back 16

*storage for nutrients waste and cell products

Front 17

Nucleus

Back 17

*largest organellsurronded by nuclear envelope
*contains fluid nucleoplasm,nucleoli, and chromatin
*control center of the cell
*transmits genetic information and provides instructions for protien synthesis

Front 18

Nuclear Envelope

Back 18

*double membrane structure (pierced by pores) outer membrane continous with the endoplasmic reticulum
*seperates the neucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus

Front 19

Nucleoli

Back 19

*dense spherical bodies composed of robosominal RNA and protiens
*site of ribosome subunit manufacture

Front 20

Chromatin

Back 20

*grandular threadlike material composed of DNA and histone protiens
* DNA constitues the genes