Parts Of Speech - Chapter 2

Front 1

Nouns

Back 1

Name people, animals, places, and things; ideas, concepts, and qualities; activites and events; measures of time, space, and quantities.

Front 2

Proper Nouns

Back 2

Specific names that begin with a capital letter.

Hint 2

Examples: Portland, Oregon; Jane Smith; Halloween; Figaro's

Front 3

Common Nouns

Back 3

Nonspecific names that begin with lowercase letters.

Hint 3

Examples: city, state, instructor, holiday, restaurant

Front 4

Collective Nouns

Back 4

Name a group.

Hint 4

Examples: team, committee, herd, jury

Front 5

Pronouns

Back 5

Substitute for nouns.

Front 6

Personal Pronouns

Back 6

Used in first, second, or third person.

Hint 6

Examples:
First person is the person or people speaking or writing, such as (singluar) I, me, my min, myself; (plural) we, us, our, ours, ourselves.
Second person is the person or people spoken to, such as (singluar or plural) you, your, yours, (singular only) yourself; and (plural only) yourselves.
Third person are the person(s), people, or thing(s) spoken or written about, such as (singular mascaline) he, him, his, himself; (singular feminine) she, her, hers, herself; (singular neutral) it, its, itself; and (plural neutral) they, them, their, thers, themselves.

Front 7

Indefinite Pronouns

Back 7

Do not specify whom or what they substitute for.

Hint 7

Example: Everyone is responsible for keeping his own locker secure. [Personal pronoun "his: substitutes for indefinite pronoun "everyone".]
Examples of Indefinite Pronouns: who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, this, that, these, those, each, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything, something, anything, nothing

Front 8

Verbs

Back 8

Express action or state of being.

Front 9

Action Verbs

Back 9

Express some kind of action.

Hint 9

Examples: work, worry, invite, write, dance, receive, have, own, love, pay, read, call, run, think, relax, proofread, do, hop, work, play.

Front 10

Being Verbs

Back 10

Express state of being or also referred to as "linking" verbs. Include forms of the verb "to be," senses (taste, smell, touch, sound, and sight). Some being verbs are also used as action verbs.

Hint 10

Examples: be, being, been am, is, are, was, were, become, seem, remain, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell, look.

Front 11

Helping Verbs

Back 11

Are also called auxillary verbs, show time, possibility, or emphasis.

Hint 11

Examples:
My boss "is reading" the report, but the staff "did" not "finish" it.
He "has worked" with them for years.
They "were enjoying" their vacation, but they "are returning" home today.
Ms. Moutry "does sign" all the letters herself.

Front 12

Gerund

Back 12

When a noun names an activity, it is a noun. However, in grammar terms this is called a gerund; a gerund is NOT preceded by a helping verb.

Hint 12

Example: Paying bills has never been my favorite activity (gerund is "paying"; verb is "has been)

Front 13

"to" + verb rule

Back 13

When "to" precedes a verb, such as to eat, to work, or to swim, the result is a noun naming an activity, not a verb.

Hint 13

To know me, is to love me. ("to know" and "to love" are nouns, and "is" is the verb.

Front 14

Adjectives

Back 14

Modify nouns and pronouns.

Front 15

Name the four types of adjectives.

Back 15

Descriptive, limiting, articles, and pointing.

Front 16

Descriptive Adjectives

Back 16

Words that tell "what kind."

Hint 16

Examples:
For the noun house - a yellow house, a brick house, a contemporary house, a shabby house, a two-story house.
For a dog - a lonely dog, a dirty dog, a stray dog, a happy dog.

Front 17

Limiting Adjectives

Back 17

Words that limit nouns in the sense of quantity, they tell "how many."

Hint 17

Examples: more, enough, most, several, few, all, each, any, many, some, 50 or fifty, no, every numberous.
Sentence Examples:
I bought "several" reams of paper at Cheapo Depot.
In a "few" months, we will be moving our offices.

Front 18

Articles

Back 18

Words that tell "which one."

Hint 18

A, an, the

Front 19

Pointing Adjectives

Back 19

Words that are like articles because they tell "which one."

Hint 19

this, these, that, those

Front 20

Adverbs

Back 20

Words that describe, limit, or explain verbs, adectives, or other adverbs.

Hint 20

Examples:
Modifying a Verb: Always prepare invoices carefully. ("Always" tells when, and "carefully" tells how.)
Modifying an Adjective:
This extremely expensive book is required fo an especially important course. ("Extremely" tells how to "expensive," and "especially" tells how to "important:,)
Modifying other Adverbs:
Ms. Persley works so efficiently that she almost never makes a mistake. ("So" describes "efficiently:, "efficiently" describes "works", "almost describes "never"; and "never describes "makes.")

Front 21

Coordinating Conjunctions

Back 21

Connect words, phrases, and clauses.

Hint 21

and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so

Front 22

Dependent Conjunctions

Back 22

Also called "subordinate conjunctions" introduce a phrase - a wrd group that cannot stand by itself as a sentence.

Hint 22

Examples: after, although, as, because, before, even though, if, since, so that, than, unless, until, when, which, while

Front 23

Conjunctive Adverbs

Back 23

Also called "transitional expressions" join two complete sentences into one.

Hint 23

Examples: however, therefore, consequently, moreover, furthermore, also, for example, nevertheless, yet, in addtion

Front 24

Prepositions

Back 24

Link to other words in a sentence to show relationships.

Hint 24

about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at behind, below, beneath, beside, between, during, except, for, from, in inside, into, like near, of, off, on, over, since,through, to, toward, under, until, up, upon, with, within, without

Front 25

Prepositional phrase

Back 25

Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. A prepositional phrase NEVER has a subject or verb. If the word group has a verb, it is not a prepositional phrase.

Hint 25

Example: on the table ("on" is the preposition, "table" is the noun)

Front 26

What are the three types of nouns?

Back 26

Proper, common, and collective.

Front 27

What are the two types of pronouns?

Back 27

Personal and indefinite.

Front 28

What are the three types of verbs?

Back 28

Action, being, and helping.