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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Noun
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A person, place or thing. Can be concrete (a thing you can hold/touch - cow, tea) or abstract (a concept or an idea - freedom, love).
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Pronoun
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Takes the place of a noun: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, this, that.
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Adjective
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Describes a noun or pronoun; answers the questions: how many? how much? which one? what kind?
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Verbs |
A 'doing' word. Each true sentence needs a verb: be, eat, run, discuss etc. |
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Preposition |
Shows a relationship, often of position, between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence: in, on, under, to, with, between. |
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Conjunction |
Connecting word - joins words or group of words. For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, after, although, as, as if, because. |
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Adverb |
Describes a verb. Many end in -ly: quickly, stupidly, happily, fast. |
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Interjection
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Expresses emotion or exclamation; many are located at the end of the sentence. Oh! Wow! Ouch! Oops! Hey!
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Article
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Can be definite: 'the'. Or indefinite: 'a' and 'an'.
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Passive Voice
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Passivevoice is where the object (‘the receiver of the action of the verb’) can changeplaces with the subject in order to alter the focus and tone of the sentence. 'Thedog was kicked by the man' |
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Active Voice
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Active voice is a grammatical structure wherethe subject is the actor of a sentence (‘the subject is doing the action of theverb’). 'The man kicked the dog' |
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Infinitive
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A form of a verb that generally appears with the word 'to' and acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Considered the root of a verb - all conjugations start from the infinitive
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Verb Conjugation
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Lists the 6 possible forms of the verb for a particular tense, three in the singular (I, you, he/she/it) and three in the plural (we, you, they).
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Past participle
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A past participle is a VERB conjugated with, for regular forms, an -ED ending (WATCHED, DANCED, LAUGHED) used as an adjective or a verb. WARNING - there are lots of irregular forms: DONE, EATEN, SEEN, MADE, FLOWN, SUNG.
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Present participle
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A present participle is a Verb with an 'ing' ending used as an adjective or a verb: running, laughing, singing.
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Present progressive
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I'M EATING spuds. She'S PLAYING camogie. They ARE BAKING bread. For talking about action started but not finished (now). This is formed of BE+PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
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Past progressive
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A verb that expresses action that was happening (ie continuing for a period, not over in one moment) at a certain time in the past. I WAS WALKING. Lazlo WAS LAUGHING. Formed of BE (in the past)+PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
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Antithesis
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Arhetorical construction where two words or ideas are placed in opposition tocreate a contrary or contrasting effect. Brighton is to youth as Worthingis to senility. ‘Travel, in the younger sort, is a part ofeducation; in the elder, a part of experience.’ (Francis Bacon) |
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Disrupted adjacency pairs:
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It is interesting to analyse disrupted adjacency pairs: ‘Are you going to finish that?’ ‘Why are you asking me?’ |
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Antonyms
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Wordsthat are opposite in meaning. e.g. Cold/hot Fast/slow |
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Subordinating |
join a subordinate clause to a main clause –when, while, as, because, if, unless, until, although, whereas, where, before,since etc Subordinating eg ‘When I get home from work, I kick thedog |
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Endfocus
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Arrangingthe sentence so that key information is left until the end. She kissed him frigidly. This can be used for dramatic effect,creating suspense, surprise, contrast etc. [Compare with ‘foregrounding’] |
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Figurativelanguage
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Languagewith a meaning going beyond its literal one, involving comparison or metaphoretc Witha stony face he said, ‘She may have a face like a pizza, but she’s my girlfriend.’ |
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Hyperbole
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Exaggerationused to heighten feeling and intensity. I’vetold you a million times, don’t call me pizzaface. |
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Imagery
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Adescriptive or metaphorical use of language which creates a vivid picture. Thebarge she sat in like a burnished throne / Burned on the water.’ |
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