A&p Week 1

Front 1

Cytoplasm

Back 1

Consists of cytosine and organelles- the contents between the cellular membrane and the nucleus

Front 2

Cytosol

Back 2

Liquid part of cytoplasm- water and suspended particles

Front 3

Organelles

Back 3

“Little organs” in the cytoplasm

Front 4

Basic framework of the plasma membrane

Back 4

Lipid bilayer, containing cholesterol, glycolipids, phospholipids

Front 5

Integral proteins may act as:

Back 5

Receptors

Enzymes

Cell identity markers

Front 6

Integral proteins

Back 6

Extend into the lipid bilayer

Front 7

Peripheral proteins

Back 7

Loosely attached to the surface of the membrane

Front 8

Glycoproteins

Back 8

Peripheral proteins attached to carbohydrates

Front 9

Integral protein: RECEPTOR

Back 9

Recognize and bind a specific molecule that governs some cellular function

Front 10

Integral protein : ENZYME

Back 10

Speed up chemical reactions in the cell

Front 11

ICF

Back 11

Intracellular fluid

Front 12

ECF

Back 12

Extracellular fluid

Front 13

ECF in microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues

Back 13

Interstitial fluid

Front 14

ECF in microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues

Back 14

Interstitial fluid

Front 15

ECF in blood plasma and lymphatic vessels

Back 15

Lymph

Front 16

CSF

Back 16

Cerebrospinal fluid: within and around the brain and spinal cord

Front 17

Solute

Back 17

Material dissolved in fluid

Front 18

Solute

Back 18

Material dissolved in fluid

Front 19

Passive process

Back 19

Moves down its concentration gradient using only kinetic energy

Front 20

Diffusion

Back 20

Passive: Moves from higher concentration to lower concentration

Front 21

Facilitated diffusion

Back 21

Integral membrane

Front 22

Osmosis

Back 22

Passive process in which water moves through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 23

Isotonic solution

Back 23

Concentrations of solutes are the same on both sides

Front 24

Isotonic solution

Back 24

Any solution in which cells maintain their normal shape and volume

Front 25

Hypotonic solution

Back 25

A solution that has lower concentration of solutes (higher concentration of water)

Front 26

Hypertonic solution

Back 26

Higher concentration of solutes (lower concentration of water)

Front 27

Hemolysis

Back 27

Rupture of red blood cells

Front 28

Osmotic pressure

Back 28

Depends on the concentration of its solute particles

Front 29

In a hypotonic solution

Back 29

Water molecules enter the cells by osmosis faster than they leave

Front 30

Crenation

Back 30

Shrinkage of red blood cells

Front 31

Sports drinks are

Back 31

Hypotonic relative to body cells

Front 32

Omega 3s

Back 32

Vitally important for efficient nervous system function

Front 33

Hormones

Back 33

Govern metabolism, blood sugar, reproduction, and growth

Front 34

Cardiovascular system health

Back 34

Reduce intake of oxidized, rancid fats

Front 35

Spleen (lymphatic system organ)

Back 35

Filters and cleanses blood of bacteria, viruses, and debris

Front 36

Kidneys work with respiratory system

Back 36

to maintain blood acid-base balance

Front 37

Kidney cells

Back 37

Convert vitamin D to its active, usable form

Front 38

Cholesterol

Back 38

Precursor to all sex hormones

Front 39

Life processes

Back 39

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Front 40

Ventral

Back 40

(Anterior) towed the front of the body

Front 41

Inferior

Back 41

Caudal -below

Front 42

Dorsal

Back 42

Posterior - toward the back of the body

Front 43

Lateral

Back 43

Away from the midline of the body

Front 44

Proximal

Back 44

Close to the origin of the body part

Front 45

Distal

Back 45

Farther from the origin

Front 46

Sagital plane

Back 46

Vertical

Front 47

Midsagittal

Back 47

Divides into equal, vertical sections

Front 48

Frontal plane

Back 48

Divides into anterior and posterior parts

Front 49

Transverse plane

Back 49

Divides into inferior and superior parts (horizontal plane)

Front 50

Dorsal body cavity

Back 50

Posterior of the body. Contains the cranial and spinal cavities

Front 51

Ventral body cavity

Back 51

Anterior of the body. Contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 52

Thoracic cavity

Back 52

Heart, lungs, thymus, esophagus

Front 53

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 53

Digestive system, reproductive organs, urinary system organs

Front 54

How many human cells

Back 54

100 trillion, 200 types

Front 55

3 primary components of a cell

Back 55

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Front 56

The medium in which metabolic reactions occur within a cell

Back 56

Cytosol

Front 57

Cytoskeleton is composed of:

Back 57

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Front 58

Control center

Back 58

Received input from receptors and generated output commands as needed

Front 59

Effector

Back 59

Any body structure that receives input from the control center and produces a response

Front 60

Positive feedback

Back 60

Strengthens a response. Only occurs during childbirth and blood clotting

Front 61

Cilia

Back 61

Hairlike projections that propel fluids across the surface of a cell

Front 62

Ribosome

Back 62

Sight of protein synthesis

Front 63

Ribosomes are named for their

Back 63

High content of ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Front 64

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 64

Network of membranes that extends from nuclear envelope

Front 65

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

Back 65

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Front 66

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

Back 66

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Front 67

Rough ER

Back 67

Studded with ribosomes; synthesis of glycoproteins and phospholipids

Front 68

Smooth ER

Back 68

Lacks ribosomes; synthesizes fatty acids, steroid hormones, detox enzymes

Front 69

Golgi complex

Back 69

Processes and sorts through proteins and lipids synthesized by the rough ER

Front 70

Lysosomes

Back 70

Membrane enclosed vesicles that contain up to 60 digestive enzymes

Front 71

Phagocytosis

Back 71

Destruction of foreign substances

Front 72

Autophagy

Back 72

The breakdown and recycling of cellular components

Front 73

Peroxisomes

Back 73

Smaller than lysosomes, contain enzymes which remove hydrogen

Front 74

Oxidize

Back 74

Remove hydrogen atoms

Front 75

Mitochondria

Back 75

Site of ATP (energy) production in the cell

Front 76

CoQ10

Back 76

Plays an integral role in the electron transport train of the mitochondria

Powerful cellular antioxidant

Front 77

Best way to protect DNA from disease causing damage

Back 77

Increase intake of dietary antioxidants