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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrons |
Rel mass 1/2000, actual 9.11*10^-31 Rel charge -1, actual 1.60*10^-19 Orbit nucleus No. affects reactions and chemical behaviors of element |
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Protons |
Rel mass 1, actual 1.67*10^-27kg Rel charge +1, actual 1.60*10^-19C Proton no defines element uud |
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Neutron |
No charge Rel mass 1, actual 1.67*10^-27kg >N:P ratio more stable Affects stability Unstable may be radioactive and decay Element w/ diff no neutrons= isotope Udd
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Specific charge |
Charge/mass (Ckg^-1) |
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Isotopic data |
Amount of each isotope present in a substance |
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Carbon dating |
All things have same % C14 After death C14 decays %C14 drops Isotopic data used to approx age |
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Strong nuclear force |
Binds nucleons together Repulsive <0.5fm Electrostatic>gravRepulsive <0.5fmStronger than electro ^2 3fmFalls rapidly toward 0 Stronger than electro ^2 3fm gravRepulsive <0.5fmStronger than electro ^2 3fmFalls rapidly toward 0 Falls rapidly toward 0 |
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Alpha emission |
Occurs in big nuclei (too big for SNF to keep stable) Alpha particle emitted (4/2a) Proton no decrease 2 Nucleon no decrease 4 |
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Beta - emission |
Occurs in neutron rich nuclei Electron and antineutrino emitted Neutron changed to proton Proton no ^ 1 Antineutrino carries away energy n momentum |
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Photons |
EM radiation travels in discrete packets of energy called photons |
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C= |
F/wl |
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E= |
Hc/Wl or hf |
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Antiparticles |
Same mass and rest energy Opposite charge |
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Matter |
Particles are matter Antiparticles are antimatter |
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Pair production |
Energy > mass results in equal production of matter and antimatter Occurs if photon has enough E to produce that much mass (gamma) Occurs near nucleus (conserves momentum) Min energy photon=rest E of p&ap |
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Annihilation |
Opposite of pp Particle meets antiparticle Mass converted to energy |
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Gauge bosons |
Exchange particles involved in attraction and repulsion Virtual particles, only exist v short time |
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Electromagnetic |
Virtual photon Y Affects charged particles Infinite range |
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Weak interaction |
W+, W- Affects all types of particles Short range |
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Strong interaction |
Pions (π+,π-,π°) Affects hadrons |
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Rules for particle interaction diagrams |
Incoming particles start at bottom move ^ Barons and leptons can't cross sides Charges on both sides must balance W bosons carry charge between sides W+ right = W- left |
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Beta + decay |
P --> n + e+ + Ve |
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Beta - decay |
N --> p + e- + V-e |
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Hadrons |
Feel SNF Made up of quarks Not fundamental particles Made up of quarks |
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Baryons |
Nucleons, sigmas All baryons except protons decay to a proton Antinucleons are antibaryons Baryon no is quantum and must be conserved 3 quarks |
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Neutron decay |
N --> p + e- + V^e |
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Mesons |
Unstable B=0 Pions and kaons (heavy, unstable, decay to pions) Interact with baryons via snf Quark and antiquark |
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Baryon number |
Quantum Must be conserved Baryons B=1 Antibaryons B=-1 Anything else B=0 |
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Leptons |
Don't feel SNF Fundamental particles Interact via weak interaction Electrons and muons (heavy, unstable, decay into electrons) (each have own neutrino) |
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Quarks |
Fundamental particles U : B=1/3 charge 2/3 strangeness 0 D: B=1/3 charge -1/3 strangeness 0 S : B=1/3 charge -1/3 strangeness -1 |
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Quark confinement |
Impossible to get a quark by itself Blasting proton w/energy doesn't separate, causes pp |
