Part 4 Rapid Review

Front 1

KEY ASSOCIATIONS

Back 1

XXX

Front 2

DISEASE/FINDING

Back 2

MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

Front 3

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 3

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 4

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 4

Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 5

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 5

Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 6

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 6

Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)

Front 7

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 7

Hypertension

Front 8

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 8

Atherosclerosis (no vaso vasorum beneath renal arteries)

Front 9

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Back 9

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Front 10

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 10

Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Front 11

DISEASE/FINDING

Back 11

MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

Front 12

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 12

Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 13

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 13

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

Front 14

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Back 14

H. pylori

Front 15

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 15

Streptococcus pnewnoniae

Front 16

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 16

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Front 17

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 17

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

Front 18

Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency

Back 18

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor)

Front 19

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 19

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 20

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 20

Infra tentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

Front 21

Breast cancer

Back 21

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., l in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

Front 22

Breast mass

Back 22

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 23

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 23

Fibroadenoma

Front 24

Cardiac l o tumor (kids)

Back 24

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Front 25

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 25

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Front 26

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 26

Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4:l left to right atrium; ball and valve") "

Front 27

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 27

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

Front 28

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 28

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Front 29

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 29

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 30

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 30

DES exposure in utero

Front 31

Compression fracture

Back 31

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Front 32

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Back 32

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 33

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 33

VSD

Front 34

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 34

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 35

Constrictive pericarditis

Back 35

Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)

Front 36

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 36

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 37

Cretinism

Back 37

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 38

DISEASE/FINDING

Back 38

MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

Front 39

Cushing's syndrome

Back 39

• Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy) • Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma • Paraneoplastic Cushing's (clue to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Front 40

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 40

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Front 41

Cyanosis ( late ; more common)

Back 41

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 42

Death in CML

Back 42

Blast crisis

Front 43

Death in SLE

Back 43

Lupus nephropathy

Front 44

Dementia

Back 44

Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts

Front 45

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 45

Multiple sclerosis

Front 46

DIC

Back 46

Severe sepsis, obstetric compl ications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Front 47

Dietary deficit

Back 47

Iron

Front 48

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 48

Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 49

Ejection click

Back 49

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 50

Esophageal cancer

Back 50

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide) ; adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 51

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Back 51

S. aureus, B . cereus

Front 52

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 52

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 53

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 53

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S .) ; cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Front 54

Heart murmur , congenital

Back 54

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 55

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 55

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever) , tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Front 56

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 56

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 57

Hematoma - epidural

Back 57

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Front 58

Hematoma - subdural

Back 58

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Front 59

Hemochromatosis

Back 59

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Front 60

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 60

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Front 61

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 61

von Willebrand's disease

Front 62

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 62

Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 63

HLA-B27

Back 63

Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psonasis

Front 64

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

Back 64

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 65

DISEASE/FINDING

Back 65

MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

Front 66

Holosystolic murmur

Back 66

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 67

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 67

Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Front 68

Hypertension, 2°

Back 68

Renal disease

Front 69

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 69

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Front 70

Hypopituitarism

Back 70

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Front 71

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

Back 71

Hepatitis C

Front 72

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Back 72

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

Front 73

Kidney stones

Back 73

Calcium = radiopaque Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 74

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Back 74

Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 75

Liver disease

Back 75

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 76

Lysosomal storage disease

Back 76

Gaucher's disease

Front 77

Male cancer

Back 77

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 78

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 78

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 79

Malignancy (kids)

Back 79

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Front 80

Mental retardation

Back 80

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Front 81

Metastases to bone

Back 81

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes

Front 82

Metastases to brain

Back 82

Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI

Front 83

Metastases to liver

Back 83

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Front 84

Mitochondrial inheritance

Back 84

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Front 85

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 85

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 86

Mixed (UM and LMN) motor neuron disease

Back 86

ALS

Front 87

Myocarditis

Back 87

Coxsackie B

Front 88

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 88

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 89

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 89

Minimal change disease

Front 90

Neuron migration failure

Back 90

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Front 91

Nosocomial pneumonia

Back 91

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 92

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 92

BPH

Front 93

Opening snap

Back 93

Mitral stenosis

Front 94

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 94

Pneunocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia

Front 95

Osteomyelitis

Back 95

S. aureus

Front 96

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Back 96

Salmonella

Front 97

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 97

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Front 98

DISEASE/FINDING

Back 98

MOST COMMON/IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

Front 99

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Back 99

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Front 100

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Back 100

Serous cystadenoma

Front 101

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 101

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Front 102

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 102

Gallstones, alcohol

Front 103

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 103

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 104

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

Back 104

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult -65, CML: adult 30-60

Front 105

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 105

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 106

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 106

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 107

Pituitary tumor

Back 107

Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic" adenoma "

Front 108

Primary amenorrhea

Back 108

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

Front 109

Primary bone tumor (adults)

Back 109

Multiple myeloma

Front 110

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 110

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 111

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 111

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Front 112

Primary liver cancer

Back 112

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a.1 antitrypsin deficiency)

Front 113

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 113

COPD

Front 114

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Back 114

Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Front 115

Renal tumor

Back 115

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Linclau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 116

Right heart failure clue to a pulmonary cause

Back 116

Cor pulmonale

Front 117

S3 (protocliastolic gallop)

Back 117

Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

Front 118

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 118

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Front 119

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 119

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 120

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 120

Chlamydia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)

Front 121

SIADH

Back 121

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 122

Site of diverticula

Back 122

Sigmoid colon

Front 123

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 123

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery >carotid artery.

Front 124

Stomach cancer

Back 124

Adenocarcinoma

Front 125

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 125

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 126

t(l4;l8)

Back 126

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 127

t(8;14)

Back 127

Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 128

t(9;22)

Back 128

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Front 129

Temporal arteritis

Back 129

Risk of ipsilateral blindness clue to thrombosis of artery; polymyalgia rheumatica