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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LAB/DIAGNOSTIC FINDING
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DIAGNOSIS/DISEASE
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Nutmeg" appearance of liver "
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Cadman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
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Psammoma bodies
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Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
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Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray "
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spike on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits "
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Memranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of RBCs
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells" ( Gardnerella vaginalis) "
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Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells "
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Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray "
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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Waxy" casts with very low urine flow "
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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WBCs that look smudged" "
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CLL (almost always B cell)
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Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy "
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellowish CSF
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Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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CONDITION
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COMMON TREATMENT(S)
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Absence seizures
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Ethosuximide
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Acute gout attack
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NSAIDs, colchicine
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Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
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All-trans retinoic acid
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ADHD
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Methylphenidate, amphetamines
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Alcohol abuse
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AA + disulfiram for patient and Al-Anon for family
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Alcohol withdrawal
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Benzodiazepines
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Anorexia
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SSRis
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Anticoagulation during pregnancy
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Heparin
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Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
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Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
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B12 deficiency
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Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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Tamsulosin, finasteride
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Bipolar disorder
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Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
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Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
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Buerger's disease
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Smoking cessation
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Bulimia
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SSRis
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Candida albicans
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Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)
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Carcinoid syndrome
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Octreotide
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
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Chronic gout
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Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)
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Chronic hepatitis
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IFN-a
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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lmatinib
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Clostridium botulinum
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Antitoxin
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Clostridium difficile
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Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
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Clostridium tetani
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Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
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Crohn's disease
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Corticosteroids, infliximab
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
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Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
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Mesna
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Cystic fibrosis
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N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/ azithromycin)
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Cytomegalovirus
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Ganciclovir
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Depression
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SSRis (first-line)
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Diabetes insipidus
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Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
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Diabetes mellitus type 1
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Dietary intervention (low-sugar) + insulin replacement
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Diabetes mellitus type 2
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Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (possible)
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
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Fluids, insulin, K+
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CONDITION
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COMMON TREATMENT(S)
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Enterococci
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Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
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Erectile dysfunction
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Sildenafil, vardenafil
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ER-positive breast cancer
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Tamoxifen
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Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
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Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
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Haemophilus influenzae (B)
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Rifampin (prophylaxis)
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Buspirone
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Heparin toxicity (acute)
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Protamine sulfate
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HER2/neu-positive breast cancer
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Trastuzumab
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Hyperaldosteronism
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Spironolactone
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Hypercholesterolemia
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Statin (first-line)
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Hypertriglyceridemia
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Fibrate
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Immediate anticoagulation
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Heparin
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Infertility
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Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)
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Influenza
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Rimantadine, oseltamivir
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Legionella pneumophila
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Erythromycin
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Long-term anticoagulation
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Warfarin
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Malaria
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Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
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Malignant hyperthermia
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Dantrolene
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Medical abortion
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Mifepristone
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Migraine
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Sumatriptan
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MRSA
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Vancomycin
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Multiple sclerosis
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˜B-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
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Neural tube defect prevention
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Prenatal folic acid
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Osteomalacia/rickets
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Vitamin D supplementation
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Osteoporosis
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Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
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Patent ductus arteriosus
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Indomethacin
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Pheochromocytoma
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a-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)
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Pneumocystis jirovecii
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TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
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Prolactinoma
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Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
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Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
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Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
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Prostate carcinoma
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Flutamide
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
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Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol (prostacyclin)
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CONDITION
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COMMON TREATMENT(S)
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)
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Ringworm infections
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Terbinafine, griseofulvin , imidazole
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Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
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5 -HT2A antagonists (e.g., second-generation antipsychotics)
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Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
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02 receptor antagonists (e.g., first- and second-generation antipsychotics)
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SIADH
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Demeclocycline, lithium , vasopressin receptor antagonists
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Sickle cell anemia
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Hydroxyurea (increase fetal hemoglobin)
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Sporothrix schenckii
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Oral potassium chloride
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Stable angina
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Sublingual nitroglycerin
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Staphylococcus aureus
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MSSA : nafcillin , oxacillin , dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal [enicillins); MRSA: vancomycin
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Streptococcus bovis
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Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Penicillin /cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Penicillin prophylaxis
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Temporal arteritis
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High-dose steroids
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Tonic-clonic seizures
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Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
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Treponema pallidun
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Penicillin
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Metronidazole (patient and partner)
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Ulcerative colitis
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5-ASA, infliximab
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UTI prophylaxis
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TMP-SMX
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Warfarin toxicity
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Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
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Wegener's granulomatosis with polyangitis
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Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
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