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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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horizontal plane
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- parallel to longitudinal (ant.- pos) axis
- "axial" |
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Coronal plane
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- perpendicular to longitudinal axis
- "transverse" |
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Sagittal plane
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- parallel to midline of body
- "vertical" |
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- consists of - function - controlled by |
- cranial nerves, spinal verve, associate ganglia
- conduct info to and from CNS - separate but overlaping part of CNS |
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2 divisions of PNS
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1. autonomic
2. somatic |
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somatic NS
3 functions? |
1. mediates voluntary (conscious!!!!) movement and perception
2. motor innveration of skeletal muscle 3. sensory innvation of skin, muscles, joints |
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Autonomic NS
1 function? |
1. regulates body functions base on sensory input about internal state
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Autonomic NS innervate
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eyes, heart, lungs, vasculature, hair follicles, sweat glands, abdominal, pelvic viscera
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3 subdivisions of autonomic
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1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic 3. enteric |
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sympathetic NS
1 function? |
1. prepares body for an emergency (fight or flight)
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primarly unconscious control of Autonomic NS is via activity of ?
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hypothalamus
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sympathetic prepares body for emergency by:
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- increase heart rate and BP
- arteriole constriction in skin and intestine -arteriole dilation in muscle and brain (more blood to brain and muscle) - pupil dilation -hair stands up - increase perspiration |
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parasympathetic
3 functions? |
- homostasis
- energy conservation -prepare body for rest |
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parasympathetic prepares body for rest by:
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- decrease heart rate and BP
- normal digestive and respiratory function - pupil constriction - decrease perspiration |
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enteric
2 functions |
control smooth mucle function of GI (gastrointestine) tract, pancreas, gall bladder
2. regulate activity of digestive system and prepares it for future events (diarrhea before an exam) |
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CNS
1 function |
integration and coordination of NS information
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2 divisions of CNS
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1 brain
2 spinal cord |
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3 parts of brain
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forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
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6 parts of forebrain
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- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglion - hippocampus -amygdala - thalamus -hypothalamus |
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cerebral cortex
4 functions |
voluntary movement, language, reasoning, perception
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basal ganglion (lentiform nucleaus, striatum)
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- COORDINATING MOVEMENT
- SUBCONSCIOUS MOTOR PROGRAMS |
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actions of basal ganglion is mediated by
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connection with cortex and cerebellum
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hippocampus
2 functions |
learning, memory
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amygdala
3 functions |
anxiety, learned fear, other emotion
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thalamus
3 functions |
- soensory integration
- motor integration mojor relay to cortex |
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hypothalamus
4 functions |
- body tem
- hunger - thirst - circadian rhythms |
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parts of midbrain
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1 tectum
2 tegmentum |
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2 resp. of tectum
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1 vision (superior colliculus)
2 audioty ( inferior colliculus |
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1 function of tegmentum
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eye and body movement
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3 parts of hindbrain
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1 pons
2 cerebellum 3 medulla |
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funciton of pons
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sensory and motor pathways
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2 functions of cerebellum
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1 learning
2 timing and coordination of skilled motor movement(executive control of motor system) |
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output of cerebellum is
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inhibitory
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2 functions of medulla
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- sensory and motor pathways
- vital functions |
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where is cochlear nucleus ?
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medulla
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grey matter consists of
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- neuron cell bodies (soma)
- nuclei |
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white matter consists of
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- mylinated axons
- fiber tracts |
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ventral (anterior) root of spinal cord
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motor
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dorsal (posterior) root
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sensory fibers
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ascending tracts of spinal cord
function? |
- proprioception (contraction of joint)
- vibration - tactile sensation |
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descending tracts of spinal cord
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- visceral and muscular activation
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