Part 2 Boards

Front 1

Arroyo Sign

Back 1

Sluggish pupillary reaction due to hypoadrenalism

Front 2

Horners syndrome

Back 2

ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis on the SAME side as interruption to the cervical sympathetics. Pancoast tumors are noted. (remember PAM, Pancoast is Horny)

Front 3

Glaucoma

Back 3

increased INTRAOCULAR pressure causing cupping of the optic disc. Peripheral blurred vision, rings around lights, crescent sign

Front 4

Papilledema (Chocked disc)

Back 4

swelling of the optic disc from increased INTRACRANIAL pressure. No visual loss. Seen with brain tumor or hemmorrhage.

Front 5

Retinal detachment

Back 5

painless onset of blindness (curtains covering the eyes)

Front 6

macular degeneration

Back 6

m/c reason of blindness of the elderly. central vision lost. Yellow spots seen under the retina (macular drusen)

Front 7

Hypertensive retinopathy

Back 7

damage to the retinal vessels will show copper wire deformity , silver wire deformity, A-V nicking, flame hemorrhages and cotton wool soft exudates

Front 8

diabetic retinopathy

Back 8

affects the veins more than arteries. presents with micro aneurysms, hard exudates (not soft) and neovascularization

Front 9

iritis

Back 9

inflammation of the iris seen with AS

Front 10

emmetropia

Back 10

normal vision

Front 11

myopia

Back 11

nearsighted

Front 12

hyperopia

Back 12

farsighted

Front 13

presbyopia

Back 13

loss of lens elasticity due to aging

Front 14

direct light reflex

Back 14

tests CN II (light) and CN III (motor)

Front 15

Consensual Light reflex

Back 15

Tests CN III

Front 16

accommodation

Back 16

Tests CN II and CN III

Front 17

visual acuity

Back 17

tested with snellen chart

Front 18

cardinal fields of gaze

Back 18

Tests CN III, IV and VI

Front 19

tinnitus

Back 19

ringing in the ears

Front 20

presbycussis

Back 20

sensorineural hearing loss that occurs in people as they age

Front 21

acute otitis externa

Back 21

infection of the outer ear. associated with swimming. Tugging on the pinna will be painful

Front 22

acute mastoiditis

Back 22

bacterial infection of the mastoid process, hearing loss is commonly associated

Front 23

purulent (puss) otitis media (bacterial)

Back 23

bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear. the TM presents with a red appearance dilated blood vessels and bulging.

Front 24

serous otitis media

Back 24

effusion in the middle ear resulting from incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of the eustachian tube. usually chromic and the fluid is amber with bubbles

Front 25

vertigo

Back 25

abnormal sensation of rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance gait and navigation of the environment

Front 26

menieres disease

Back 26

a disorder characterized by recurrent prostrating vertigo, sensory hearing loss, tinnitus and a feeling of fullness in the ear

Front 27

endolymphatic hydrops

Back 27

aka for menieres disease

Front 28

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Back 28

a brief episode of vertigo brought by a change of head position. tested with dix-hallpike maneuver.

Front 29

dix-hallpike maneuver

Back 29

the patient rapidly moves from sitting to supine with the head turned 45 degrees to the left and wait 30 seconds. Repeat on the right side if nystagmus is seen its positive if theres nystagmus, nausea or vertigo.

Front 30

acoustic neuroma aka Schwannoma

Back 30

benign tumor of CN VIII. Hearing loss tinnitus vertigo and presence of tumor on CT or MRI

Front 31

eustachian tube block

Back 31

retraction of the tympanic membrane

Front 32

viral rhinitis

Back 32

nasal mucosa appears red and swollen with a clear runny nose

Front 33

allergic rhinitis

Back 33

nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boggy

Front 34

polyps

Back 34

typically occur as a consequence of chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Front 35

angular stomatitis aka cheilosis

Back 35

red sores at the corner of the mouth that are referred to as angular cheilitis/stomatitis. Can be caused by a vitamin B2 deficiency.

Front 36

tongue candidiasis aka thrush

Back 36

thick white fungal patches that are easily scraped off.

Front 37

leukoplakia

Back 37

pre-cancerous lesion of white patches that are adherent to the surface and not easily removed.

Front 38

atrophic glossitis

Back 38

a deficiency of B vitamins or iron that causes the tongue to appear smooth and glossy

Front 39

fissured tongue (scrotal tongue)

Back 39

deep furrows on the surface of the tongue that is considered a normal variant.

Front 40

gigantism

Back 40

excessive production of growth hormone prior to skeletal maturation. (anterior pituitary)

Front 41

acromegaly

Back 41

excessive production of growth hormone beginning in middle age (after skeletal maturation) results in abnormal growth in the hands feet and facial bones.

Front 42

hyperthyroidism

Back 42

most common caused by graves disease (Autoimmune) TSH production is decreased and the thyroid hormones (T3/T4) are produced in excess.

Front 43

hypothyroidism

Back 43

Hashimotos thyroiditis is the most common cause in the US. congenital hypothyroid is called cretinism and causes diminished physical and mental capacity.

Front 44

myxedema

Back 44

aka for hypothyroidism

Front 45

common migraine "sick", "vascular"

Back 45

m/c in females/ unilateral or bilateral / photophobia, throbbing, worse behind one eye, nausea and or vomiting decreasing with age and pregnancy / provoked by bright light, chocolate, cheese, tension, red wine, menstrual cycle, hypoglycemic.

Front 46

classic migraine

Back 46

childhood and early adulthood / unilateral / same characteristics as common migraine

Front 47

hypertension

Back 47

adults / occipital vertex / throbbing wake up with headache / morning / do blood pressure and lipid profile lab work

Front 48

cluster headache

Back 48

adolescent to adults mc in males / unilateral orbital and temporal / wake up at night with headache, lasts 12-180 minutes, not aggravated by exertion, rhinorrhea, facial sweating, red eye, miosis / provoked by alcohol, seasonal

Front 49

temporal arteritis (giant cell)

Back 49

women over 50. unilateral temporal. persistent burning, aching, throbbing, scalp sensitive, tener arteries / ESR elevated in blood work

Front 50

muscular / tension headache

Back 50

band-like, pressure, muscle tightness / fatigue tension stress work

Front 51

cervicogenic / vertebrogenic

Back 51

adult occipital upper cervical, daily decreased ROM in UC adn occiput pain in neck referred to head, provoked by head movement. Best treated with chiro care.