Part 2 Biomolecules Bio 150

Front 1

What is a phosphate group?

Back 1

consists of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms.
e.g.
O
II
O-P-O
I
O
I
H

Front 2

compounds with one or more phosphate groups are often
called _________.

Back 2

organic phosphates

Front 3

Phosphate groups are important in cellular energy storage and energy transfer. Give an example.

Back 3

ATP

Front 4

Are phosphate groups acidic or basic? Why?

Back 4

an acidic group... ionizes, losing 2 protons & leaving the
phosphate group with 2 negative charges

Front 5

What is a sulfhydryl group?

Back 5

consists of an atom of sulphur bonded to a hydrogen and to the carbon skeleton.
e.g.
R-S
\
H

Front 6

______, one of the 20 common amino acids, has a
sulfhydryl group that can be involved in forming a
_______ bridge with another cysteine in a protein... these
covalent linakges can help stabilize the _______ and
_______ structure of proteins

Back 6

cysteine, disulphide, tertiary, quaternary

Front 7

organic compounds with a sulfhydryl group are called _______.

Back 7

thiols

Front 8

What is a methyl group?

Back 8

consists of a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens and to the
carbon skeleton (-CH3 (3 is subscript))
Note: not as reactive as most functional groups
e.g.
-CH3 (3 is subscript)

Front 9

Methyl group is ______ functional group.

Back 9

nonpolar

Front 10

What are carbohydrates?

Back 10

Monosaccharides, polyssaccharide and oligosaccharides (single, many, few).
Glycosipic bond between monomers.

Front 11

what is a lipid

Back 11

part of the four major classes of biomolecules.
- a very diverse collection of generally hydrophobic, water-insoluble organic molecules

Front 12

What is a protein

Back 12

an amino acid (monomer)
polypeptides (peptide)
peptide bonds

Front 13

What is a nucleic acid?

Back 13

nucleotides (monomer)
polynucleotides & oligonucleotides
phosphodiester bonds

Front 14

Main functions of carbohydrates

Back 14

energy storage: starch
fuel molecules: glucose
structural support: cellulose

Front 15

Storage polysaccharides have starch. What kinds?

Back 15

amylos
amylopectin (branched)
Both are homopolymer glucose

Front 16

What is Structural polysaccharides in?

Back 16

Cellulose: plant cell wall, not branched, homopolymer glucose

Chitin: arthropod:exoskeleton of hardshells
Homopolymer

Front 17

although lipids are mostly ____, many often have a ____ functional
group that makes them ______ (amphiphilic)...

Back 17

nonpolar, polar, amphipathic

Front 18

amphipathic molecules have regions that are ____ (and thus hydrophilic)
and other regions that are ____(and thus hydrophobic)

Back 18

polar, nonpolar

Front 19

Functions of lipids:

Back 19

energy storage
fuel molecules
communication (cell signaling)
protection of organs
thermal insulation

Front 20

• proteins (polypeptides) are polymers of various ______.

Back 20

amino acids

Front 21

functions of proteins:

Back 21

structural
contractile
storage (not usual)
defense
transport
signaling
enzymatic (speed up chemical reactions, photosynthesis)