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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of anesthesia? |
General, regional, and local |
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What are the three important components of general anesthesia? |
unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation |
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What is the difference between a tranquilizer and a sedative? |
Tranquilizer: calm without sedation (patient may override) Sedative: calm by sedating (patient can't override) |
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What is an example of an inhibitory CNS receptor? |
GABA binding of GABA opens Cl- channel, influx of Cl- stabilizes membrane potential and hyperpolarizes membrane |
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What receptor located in the spinal cord and brain is important in the nociceptive pathway, and is unregulated with chronic pain? |
NMDA receptor |
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What is the key neurotransmitter involved in awareness and arousal? Where are it's receptors located? |
Dopamine Dopamine receptors are found in the basal ganglia, limbic system, and reticular activating system |
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What is the effect of presynaptic auto receptor activation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors? |
Negative feedback, resulting in inhibition of further NE release this mechanism mediates: sedation, anxiolysis (decreases anxiety), and analgesia |
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Activation of which receptor type results in decreased cAMP and suppression of Na+ and Ca2+ influx, resulting in membrane hyper polarization? |
opioid receptor |
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What are the three types of opioid receptor? What is the effect of activation of each of these? |
Mu = supraspinal analgesia (also respiratory depression, behavioral and pupillary effects) Delta = modulates Mu Kappa = spinal analgesia and mild sedation |
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What is the most important drug used in veterinary medicine from the Phenothiazine class of tranquilizers? |
Acepromazine |
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What receptor does Acepromazine predominately interact with? |
dopaminergic receptors (also has alpha1 adrenergic receptor activity) |
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What are the two most important side effects associated with acepromazine? |
vasodilation and hypotension (alpha-1 receptor block) |
