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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Green Paper |
A consultative document on a topic in which the government's view is put forward with proposals for law reform |
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White Paper |
Following this the government will publish a white paper with its firm proposals for new law |
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1.First Reading |
The long title (indicating the content of the bill) is read out by the member of the Lords in charge of the bill |
Legislative Process |
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2.Second Reading |
The first opportunity for members of the Lords to debate the key principles and main purpose of a bill and to flag up any concerns or specific areas where they think amendments (changes) are needed. |
Legislative Process |
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3.Committee Stage |
Detailed line by line examination of the separate parts (clauses and schedules) of a bill |
Legislative Process |
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4.Report Stage |
Report stage gives all members of the Lords a further opportunity to examine and make amendments (changes) to a bill |
Legislative Process |
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5.Third Reading |
'tidy up' a bill, concentrating on making sure the eventual law is effective and workable without loopholes. |
Legislative Process |
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6.Amendments |
When a bill has passed through third reading in both Houses it is returned to the first House (where it started) for any amendments made by the second House to be considered. If changes are made when the bill is passed on to the Commons it is then looped around back to the House of Lords and the process is repeated called "Ping Pong" |
Legislative Process |
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7.Royal Asset |
Once a bill has completed all the parliamentary stages in both Houses, it is ready to receive royal assent. This is when the Queen formally agrees to make the bill into an Act of Parliament (law) |
Legislative Process |
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Advantages |
Democratic elected every 4-5 years. MPs put forward their own views. 65p people debating and voting so it's a fair decision. Open and transparent system. Delegate Parliament authority to other bodies. Reform whole area of law in one Act. Specialists and diverse expertise. Flexible |
Legislative Process |
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Disadvantages |
Time consuming. impossible for ordinary MP to get a bill passed without the Government support. 10 hours per bill rushed causing loop holes. Complicated. Ping Pong may never end. Lords can't throw out a bill if started in Commons. Lords are not elected. Don't care about Public views |
Legislative Process |
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Law Society |
Represents solicitors interests the British Medical Association which represents doctors and trade Unions |
Pressure Groups |
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Cause Groups |
Promote a common interest. Examples. Green peace - Environmental. Amnesty for animal welfare and human rights and ASH the anti-smoking groups. |
Pressure Groups |
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Pressure Groups |
Cause the government to reconsider the law on certain areas. Seen in 2000 government finally agreed to reduce the age of consent for homosexual acts in Private to 16 and also the Hunting Act 2004 |
Pressure Groups |
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Lobbying |
Try to persuade individual MPs to support their cause Meet in the lobby (small hallways). Also possible that a back bench MP may use the Private Members Bill. Trying to reform the law in the way that the pressure groups want. |
Pressure Groups |
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Law Commission |
An independent body to review the law and propose reform. MRS CRECS. Modernise. Review. Systematic. Consolidate. Repeal. Eliminate. Codification. Simplify. |
Influences on Parliament |
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Codification |
Puts forward proposals to codify law. To bring together all the law on one topic into one Act. Makes it simpler. |
Law Commission |
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Advantages |
Law researched by legal experts. Consults before finalising proposals. Whole area of law can be considered, not just small issues |
Law Commission |
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Disadvantages |
Parliament slow to implecate some reforms. Only limited time is available in Parliament for 'pure' law reform |
Law Commission |
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Political |
Each political party will have its own policies. When a party is elected as the government, these policies will be a major influence on the laws they introduce into parliament. |
Influences on Parliament |
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Advantages |
Each Political party has its proposals for reform ready if it is elected. A government majority in the House of Commons means that virtually every law it proposes will be passed. |
Political |
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Disadvantages |
New governments may repeal or alter laws passed by previous Governments |
Political |
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EU |
Britain joined the EU in 1973. Since then EU laws have been given effect here |
Influences on Parliament |
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Advantages |
Creates uniformity in Laws in all EU countries |
EU |
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Disadvantages |
Not always popular with the public |
EU |
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Advantages |
Raise important issues. Wide range of issues is drawn to the attention of the government |
Pressure Groups |
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Disadvantages |
Trying to impose their ideas on the majority. Pressure groups may have conflicting interests |
Pressure Groups |
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Media |
Strong public opinion can lead to a change in the law. The media play an important role in highlighting issues of public concerns |
Influences on Parliament |
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Advantages |
Brings public opinion to the government's attention |
Media |
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Disadvantages |
Media manipulating the news and creating public opinion. Responding too quickly to high-profile incidents may lead to poorly drafted law |
Media |
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Supremacy |
Basically, can't be overruled unless an EU Law overlaps. Limitations due to EU membership, Human Rights Act 1998 and devolution. Cannot bind successor Can legislate on any subject-matter Dicey 1. Parliament can legislate on any subject-matter 2. No Parliament can be bound by any previous Parliament, nor can a Parliament pass any act that will bind a later Parliament 3. No other body has the right to override or set aside an Act of Parliament |
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Types of Bills |
When the proposed Act has been drafted it is published, and at this stage it's called a bill |
Types of Bill |
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Private Members Bill |
An individual/(Private) member of Parliament introduces a bill. Also known as 'back benchers' two ways 1. Ballot 2. 'ten minute rule' |
Types of Bill |
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Public Bills |
Affect whole country. Bills are known as Public Bills. Example Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the Legal Services Act 2007 |
Types of Bill |
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Private Bills |
Small number of Bills designed to pass a law which only affect individual people or corporations. Don't affect the whole community Example. Whitehaven Harbour Bill |
Types of Bill |
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Hybrid Bills |
Cross between public and private Bills. introduced by government. If become law they will only affect a particular person, organisation or place. Example Crosshill Act 2008, Allows for the construction of underground rail links in London and will affect people in the area |
Types of Bill |
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Disadvantages |
Effect of membership of the EU Affects so much of our law and political system EU Law take priority over English law E. g. Merchant Shipping Act 1988 - Who could own or manage fishing boats Effect of Human Rights Act 1988 Have to be compatible with EU Law DEVOLUTION Can make laws on some matters for their own countries without having to get Parliaments approval. This means that Parliaments Supremacy has been lost in there areas like The Scotland Act 1998 and the Wales Act 1998 |
Supremacy |
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Role of Commons |
Democratically elected Most bills introduced here To debate on issues of the policy behind the law as well as on the specific details Government have majority Likely that policies supported by the government will become law |
Roles |
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Role of Lords |
acts as a check on the Commons Can vote against law However, power is limited by the Parliament Acts 1911 Can delay a law for up to a year Not elected body To refine and add to the law rather than oppose Only four occasions when this procedure has been used to by pass the Lords after they voted against War Crimes Act 1991 European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999 Sexual Offenders (Amendments) Act 2000 Hunting Act 2004 |
Roles |
