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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is parkinson's disease?
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Degenerative disease of the central nervous system
Named after dr james parkinson based on an essay on the shaking palsy |
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How does Parkinson's disease effect the brain?
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Specific damage to part of the basal ganglia
Damage to cells in substantia nigra Cells in this region use neurotransmitter called dopamine |
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What is the cause of parkinson's disease?
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Idopathic
smaller number with gentic, toxins, head injury, cerebral anoxia, drug induced Genetics Toxin hypothesis, pesticides, manganese, iron Head injury, those with head injuries 4 times greater risk of developing PD Drug induced, MPTO linked to PD, resulted from symptoms seen among group of addicts who ingested contaminated opiate in 80's |
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what is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
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2 main loops through basal ganglia, direct and indirect loop
direct path - facilitates movement indirect path - inhibits movement Cells from substantia nigra - faciliatates direct path and inhibits indirect path |
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What are the four cardinal symptoms (TRAP)
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T - tremor, at rest, hands fingers,forearms,
R - rigidity , stiffness A- Akinesia/bradykinesia, absence/slowness in voluntary movement P - Postural control problems - poor balance reactions Gait problems, shuffling, whole body turning (difficulty turning), freezing Speech and swallowing difficulties, dementia, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, autonomic function problems |
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What is the progression of Parkinson's disease?
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Early onset less than 50, late onset is greater than 55 most common
Initial symptoms occur only after more than 70 percent of cells have died Progression is slow (over years), disease progresses with increasing severity, involving both limbs, affecting balance and gait and other symptoms emerge |
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How to measure progression of Parkinson's disease?
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Hoehn and Yahr Scale
5 point scale, progression is slow between stages 0 - no signs of disease 1 - symptoms on one side of body 1.5 unilateral and axial involvement 2 - symptoms on both sides of the body, no impairment of balance 2.5 mild bilateral involvement, recovery on pull test 3 balance impairment, mild to moderate disease, physically independant 4 - severe disability 5- wheel chair bound OR Unified parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) measures cognition, behaviour, mood, ADL, motor evaluations TOtal of 199 points |
