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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did Archduke Ferdinand die
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June 28, 1914
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"Spring Offensive"
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defeat allies before Americans arrive... failed
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Effect of GB naval blockade
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German economy killed
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Date of the armistice
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11/11/1918 was when the armistice was signed, although Germany was never invaded (important later because Germany "quit" the war, instead of losing, according to Hitler)
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Victory was said to be
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"indistinguishable from defeat"
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Germany wanted peace according to
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Wilson's fourteen points
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Fourteen Points boil down to
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1. No secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas 3. Free trade 4. Reduce Arms 5. League of Nations 6. Self-determination - right for an ethnic group to determine who rules it |
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Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference
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1. Wilson - USA
2. George - GB 3. Clemenceau - France |
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Plus there was also
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Orlando from Italy
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At the PPC, France wanted
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security - border to Rhine River, return of Alsace-Lorraine, Punish Germany
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At the PPC, Italy wanted
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Tirol Region, Dalmation Coast
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At the PPC, GB wanted
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Germany's African colonies and the destruction of the German Navy
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At the PPC, United States wanted
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Treaty that is fair to all
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At the PPC, Japan wanted
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equality clause with Europe
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5 Peace Treaties
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Weimar Republic of Germany - Versailles
Austria - Saint-Germain Bulgaria - Neuilly Hungary - Trianon Ottoman Empire - Sevres |
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1. Germany - Versailles
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Reparations
War Guilt Clause: Article 231 - Germany must assume full responsibility for WWI France gets Alsace-Lorraine Rhineland would be occupied by Allied Troops Germany had to abolish military draft, army of only 100k men, and limits on heavy weaponry in both army and navy... lost 13% of its land |
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2. Hungary - Trianon
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Lose land to new nations of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland (lost 64% of population including 3 million Hungarians, also 72% of territory)
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3. Bulgaria - Neuilly
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Cede teritory to Greece losing access to Aegean Sea
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4. Ottoman Empire - Sevres
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Lost basically all territory but Turkey
Kemal - no deal, attacks semi-invading Greece, wins and new treaty: Lausanne |
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5. Austria - St. Germain
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Reparations, dissolution of Austria-Hungary, lost South Tirol and Triste to Italy, army limited to 30k volunteers
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New States at PPC
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Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia from Central Powers...Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland from Russia...Syria, Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine from OE
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Goals of League of Nations
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1. Promote International Cooperation
2. Keep peace among nations by settling disputes and reducing arms |
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Versailles
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League of Nations, Established independent World Court (today located at The Hague in the Netherlands), Submit any disputes to World Court rather than go to war, if members violate - economic sanctions (embargo or boycott)
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Mandate
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colonies of losing countries would be ruled by "advanced" nation until ready for independence
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Mostly Middle East nations are mandates
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Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, Palestine, etc., but also parts of Africa - Cameroons, Tanganyika, etc.)
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The League of Nations is a
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failure
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All the treaties included
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1. Territory loss
2. Reparations 3. Limits on Military 4. League of Nations was created |
