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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an operculum?
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a lid or covering of eggs
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What is a miracidia?
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ciliated larval stage that emerges from trematode egg
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What is a cercariae?
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tadpole-like larva that are in the final and free swimming stages of trematodes
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What is a Metacercariae?
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the encysting resting of mature trematode in the tissue of a second intermediate host or on vegetation
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What is Alaria spp?
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Sm Intestine fluke
Host: dogs/cats/minks/foxes IH: snails/tadpoles Paratenic: mammals/reptiles Zoonosis ID: adults 10mm pink/brown with ventral suckers and cylindrical hind part Eggs honey color 130um medium thick shell with distict operculum Life cycle: dog passes eggs that hatch in water, miracidia penetrate snail become cercaria, cercariae encyst in tadpoles and become mesocercercariae, which can be eaten by a frog which is eaten by a dog Pathogenesis: duodenitis with heavy infection, lung migration Signs: not evident Diagnosis: fecal Treatment: cestocides |
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What is Nanophyetus salmincola?
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Salmon poisoning fluke in sm intestine
Host: Dogs/cats/fish eating mammals IH:Snail/fish ID: adults ovoid and white ~2mm eggs oval brown/yellow with thick shell ~80um Life cycle: egg from dog, miracidia emerge and penetrate snail, cercariae penetrate salmon, metacercariae in various tissues of fish, eaten by dog. PPP 1 week Pathogenesis:extremely/ vectors of Neorickettsia helminthoeca causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis Signs: HE,sudden fever, diarrhea,wt loss, vomiting, enlarged lymph nodes Diagnosis: fecal Tematocidal anhelminths and tetracycline |
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What is Paragonimus kellicotti?
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Lung Fluke
Host: carnivores IH: snail/crayfish zoonosis (10 species) ID: adults ovoid 16mm reddish/brown occur in pairs developing flukes form cycts in right cd lobe of lung eggs oval yellowish brown Life cycle: eggs coughed up and swallowed then passed in feces, miracidia penetrate snail, cercariae emerge and infect crayfish, which encyst and become the metacercariae, eaten by dog. Pathogenesis: cyst on lungs Signs: intermittent cough, pneumonia and death with severe infections Diagnosis: RADS, fecal float Treatment: praziquantal, not easy to control |
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What is Platynosomum fastocum?
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Lizard poisoning (bile ducts)
Host: cats IH: snail/crustacean Obligate paratenic host: lizard/toad/gecko/skinks 81% of cats in St kitts have this trematode ID: adults 8mm, eggs50um brown medium shell with operculate life cycle: like other trematode plus the obligate paratenic host Pathogenesis: hyperplasia of bile ducts Signs: jaundice, lethargy, lg liver, diarrhea, vomition Diagnosis: eggs in fecal unless bile obstruction Treatment: cestocidals/surgery |
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What is Cuterebra spp?
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Rodent/rabbit botfly
From the family Oestridae Host: rodents/rabbit/dogs/cats Zoonosis ID:adults large stouted bee like bodies with vestigial mouthparts 3rd stages instars 2-4 cm that are dark brown with black spines Female fly lays eggs near host, as host approaches 1st larval stage hatch and crawl into host fur, (august -october) enter through skin or open cavities, migrate to subcutaneous sites and develop to 3rd larval stage, this stage will emerge through a hole in skin drop into the soil and pupate, adults emerge in spring Pathogenesis: migration to brain causing obstruction Signs: lump in neck, fur wet in that area Diagnosis: color of 3rd stage larva/ remove stage with forceps Treatment: MCL but no approved for it |
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What are the two suborders of Phthiraptera?
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Lice
Chewing (isonocera) Sucking (anoplura) |
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What is Trichodectes canis?
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Canine chewing louse
Host: Dogs ID: adult is wingless with broad head and thorax, nymphs look like adults, eggs are elongated with operculate Site of infection: hair/skin Life cycle: female lays eggs which develop into adults in a month. E-N-N-N-A Pathogenesis: vector for Diplidium caninum, young are mostly affected. Signs: pruritus anemia Treatment: insecticides/shampoo/cleaning bedding |
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What is Linognathus setosus?
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Dog sucking louse
Host: Dogs ID: Wingless 3-5 mm long flatened dorsoventally narrow head, piercing mouth parts Site of infection: skin Pathogenesis: anemia Signs: BCS and skin damage Life cycle and treatment: just like chewing lice |
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What is Ctenocephalides felis?
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Dog and cat flea
ID: adults wingless ~5mm long laterally compressed bodies, long legs and sucking mouth parts larva is worm like with chewing mouthparts Sites of infection: skin Pathogenesis: flea bite allergy, vectors for viruses, bacteria and tapeworms Treatment: hard to treat if life cycle isn't broken, treat animals and environment |
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What is Ctenocephalides canis?
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dog flea
just like C felis |
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What are two families under the order Hemiptera?
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Reduviidae (assassin bugs) painful bites and transmit disease
Cimicidae (bed bugs) painless bites do not transmit disease |
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What is the Ixodes spp?
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deer tick
host: all mammals and birds ID: sm dark brown 4mm-10mm, long palps, anal groove and arch anterior to anus life cycle: 3 host tick from larva, nymph and adult needs to latch on and off 3 times. larva and nymphs found on rodents Pathogenesis: cause rxn, tick paralysis, lyme, ehrlichia Diagnosis: tick found |
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What is Dermacentor spp?
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American dog tick
Host: rodents (larva/nymph) dogs (adults) ID: pale brown to gray ~6mm-15mm Scutum is ornate with festoons, short palps, basis capitulis is rectangular Three host tick site of infection: head\neck Pathogenesis: Rocky mountain spotted fever, Q fever, babesia spp, tick paralysis |
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What is Rhipicephalus sanguineus
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Brown dog tick/kennel tick
Host: dogs and humans ID: 5mm-12mm, short palps festoons hexagonal basis capituli Site of infection: toes/ears Pathogenesis: transmits disease, ehrlichia, rmsf diagnosis: ID tick |
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What is Sarcoptes scabiei
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Sarcoptic mange
Host: all domestic animals and humans ID: round short legs, suckers on long unsegmented stalk which differ between sexes sites: epidermal layer of skin Signs: hairless Diagnosis: skin scrap (dip deep) Treatment: selemectin/ivermectin |
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What is Demodex canis?
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demodectic mange
Host: dogs ID: cigar shaped life cycle: in hair follicle/sebaceous glands, transmission from mom to pup Pathogenesus: alopecia, generally nonpathogenic, most animals recover. severe demodicosis is difficult (reoccurant staph infections) |
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What is Cheyletiella yasguri?
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Walking dandruff (mite)
Host: dogs,cats, rabbits, zoonosis ID: body has a waist, legs 500 um, palpal claws at anterior can survive off host for some time. Site: fur hair Pathogenesis:walking dandruff Diagnosis: excessive dandruff, adhesive tape Treatment: topical permethrin, amitraz |
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What is Octodectes cyotis?
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Ear mite
Host: Dogs, cats, ferrets, foxes ID 500um with long legs Site: ears preferably Pathogenesis: excess wax in ears Diagnosis: cerumen on slide under microscope Signs: head shaking, itching Treatmenr: ivermectin, ototic suspensions |
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What is Giardia intestinalis?
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a protozoan of the sm intestine
Host: everyone ID trophozoites ~21um long with 2 nuclei and flagella Life cycle: troghozoites adhere to microvilli of sm intestine and miltiple (binary fission), they encyst and are passed in feces PPP 1-2 weeks Pathogenesis: asymptomatic to causing focal inflamation Signs: non to chronic/acute diarrhea Diagnosis:Trophozoites/ cycts in feces Treatment: flagyl, fenbendazole |
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What is Trypanosoma cruzi?
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A vector borne hemoflagellate causing chagas disease.
Host: dogs, cats, humans ID Trypomastigote in blood smear ~ 20 um with nucleus in middle and single flagellum at posterior end, has kinetoplast (extracellular DNA) Sites: cardiac,sm muscle, blood life cycle: assasin bug takes blood meal then defecates trypomastigote into mucous membrane of host which enter cells as amastigotes then travel in blood as trypomastigotes Pathogenesis: heart disease greatly affects puppies and kittens Signs: cardiac disease, ascites, large spleen, liver and lymph nodes, pale More dogs than cats Diagnosis:blood smear/xenodiagnosis Treatment: no known satisfactory, dogs treated with insecticides to repel bugs |
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What is Cytoisopora canis?
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Coccidia (host specific)
Host: dogs Paratenic : rodents ID: unsporulated oocysts in feces, sporulated oocysts in environment (infective) Sites: sm intestine Pathogenesis: destroys intestinal cells Signs: watery diarrhea with blood, some asymptomatic Diagnosis: unsporulated oocyts in feces Treatment: antiprotozoal and management |
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What is Toxoplasma gondii?
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Protozoan of intestine
Host: cats, zoonosis ID: oocyts in feces ~12um that are resistant in environment Life cycle: Cats shed ~1-2 weeks the oocysts become sporulated and picked up by rodents which are eaten by the cats Sites: intestine Pathogenesis: aysymptomatic, cats develop immunity after infection Diagnosis: ELIZA,IFA Treatment: avoid contact with feces/ eating undercooked meat, treated with non/sulfonamides |
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What is Sarcocystis spp?
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protozoan that affects dogs/cats/humans/birds
Intermediate host: herbivores ID sporulated oocytes with 2 sporocytes each with 4 sporozoites Site of infection: muscles of IH sporocysts in intestine of host Signs: no illness in final host, fatal in intermediate Diagnosis: sporocysts in final host, bradyzoites in muscle of intermediate host Treatment: avoid raw meat, prevent fecal contamination |
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What is Hapatozoon spp?
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Protozoan in a tick (gulf coast tick)
Host: dog that eats tick ID gamonts in blood cells Site of infection: schizonts in various tissues, gamonts in circulating WBC Signs: joint pain Diagnosis: parasite in peripheral blood, examination of muscle tissue Treatment: tick prevention, unknown treatment |
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What is Babesia spp?
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protozoan that affects dogs
ID trophozoites in RBC Life cycle: dog tick vector, sporozoites enter the blood stream of the dog and multiply in erythrocyte Pathogenesis: anemia from RBC destruction Diagnosis: blood smear Treatment: antiprotozoal remedies, but not approved, tick prevention |
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What is Theileria spp?
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protozonan that affects cats
sm organisms in the RBC fatal in south central america exposed animals die withing 9-15 days post exposure. Signs:pyrexia, anemia, dehydration and death Diagnosis: blood smear with light blue organisms Treatment:antiprotozoans (varying affects) |
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What is Draschia megastoma?
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Nematode affecting the equine species
ID: 13mm long with funnel shaped buccal cavity and form nodules close to margo plicatus. thin shelled eggs Life Cycle: indirect IH is the fly (L1) with L2 being the infective stage for the horse Sites: adults and larvae in the stomach, larvae on skin Pathogenesis: larvae cutaneous, ulceration, granular conjuntivitis, nodules in lungs Adults: gastritis/nodules tumors Signs: summer sores/gastritis Diagnosis:skin scrap/fecal Treatment:MCL, ivermectin (not working) |
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What is Parascaris equorum?
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Host specific Ascarid of equine species
ID 30 cm 3 lips, infect young animals Life Cycle: direct eggs survive the environment 23 months L2 in egg is swallowed and hatches in intestines, L2 burrows ends up in liver lungs, migrate to trachea develop to L3 which develop to adults that lay eggs which are passes in feces. Signs: coughing during migratory phase/intestinal obstruction Diagnosis: fecal Treatment: MCL |
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What is strongyloides westeri?
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Threadworm of equine species
ID: 1 cm long with long esophagus, thin shelled larvaed eggs 20-40um in fresh feces Life cycle: direct L1 in egg, transmammary infection Adults in small intestine, larvae in somatic tissue Pathogenesis: larvae cause urticaria (in bedding) Adults diarrhea in young horses Diagnosis:fecal float Treatment: MCL |
