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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 life stages of ticks and mites?
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Egg, Larva, Nymph, Adult
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What are the 2 parts of their body?
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Capitulum (gnathosoma) and Idiosoma
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What makes up the Capitulum?
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Chelicerae, Hypostome, Palps
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What is the life CYCLE of the typical parasitic mite?
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-All stages on the host
-Usually short -Transmitted by direct contact, fomites -Doesn't survive well off host |
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What are the 3 genera of Sarcoptic Mites?
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-Sarcoptes
-Notoedres -Knemidocoptes |
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General characteristics of Sarcoptic mites
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-Round bodies
-Last 2 pairs of legs are short -Burrowing mites |
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Life CYCLE of Sarcoptic mites
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-Female makes tunnels
-3 weeks -Easily spread |
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Diagnosis of Sarcoptic mites
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Skin Scraping
May be difficult to find mites May find mites or eggs on fecal |
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What is most common in dogs in the US?
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Sarcoptes scabiei
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Clinical Signs of Sarcoptes scabiei
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Mites like hairless areas or thin hair
Intense pruritus Chronic infestation=alopecia, thickened, wrinkled skin, secondary bacterial infection, self inflicted trauma |
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What is the treatment for Sarcoptes?
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Treat all animals
Macrolides used most often Environment |
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Zoonotic potential?
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lesions in areas of contact
humans have own Sarcoptes |
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Sarcoptes in swine
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IMPORTANT
lost production in young pigs old sows are carriers eradicable from closed system with macrolides |
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Sarcoptes in LA species
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Rare in ruminants
Can cause severe disease in camelids LA tx is the same--macrolides |
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Rare sarcoptic mange mite of the cat
Lesions on the head and neck |
Notoedres cati
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Sarcoptic mange mite of birds, lesions on non feathered portions (white crusty honeycomb), can be serious, progressive disease
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Knemidocoptes species
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What are the 3 genera of Psoroptic mites?
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Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Otodectes
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General characteristics of Psoroptic mites
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-surface dwellers
-oval with longer legs -short life cycle (2 wks) -dx by skin scrape |
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Highly contagious severe mange in ruminants, notifiable but importance is diminishing
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Psoroptes ovis
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Primary otic parasite of rabbits
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Psoroptes cuniculi
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Ruminants and occasionally in horses, often on the legs, tailhead in cattle, foot or leg on horses (feathered)
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Chorioptes
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Common ear mite of dogs and cats, ferrets and cause otitis externa and intense pruritis
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Otodectes cynotis
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Canine mange
Cigar with legs In sebaceous glands, interfere with function Infected early via dam Mostly Asymptomatic |
Demodex
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2 forms of Demodex canis
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Localized form--some pups, small hairless regions 90% resolve on their own
Generalized form--progressive spread in 10% of localized pup cases, also when onset happens as adult |
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Clinical signs of Demodex canis
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Alopecia
Erythema Seborrhea Pyoderma Pruritus later More often in purebred, shorthair dogs |
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Diagnosis and treatment of D. canis
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skin scrape, eggs and mites in feces, ^mites and juveniles=dec. prognosis
Amitraz, macrolides, don't breed animals with history of generalized disease |
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Walking dandruff--infrequent in dogs, cats, rabbits; surface mite; few CS
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Cheyletiella
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Diagnosis and treatment of Cheyletiella
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Scotch tape, brushings
Fipronil, selamectin, environmental control Zoonosis in areas of contact |
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Probably more related to ticks, look like them but small
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Mesostigmatid mites
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Examples of Mesostigmatid mites
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Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl mite)
Dermanyssus gallinae (red poultry mite) |
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avian bloodsucking mite
entire life on host can decrease weight gain and egg production species of rodents can cause human problems |
Ornithonyssus sylviarum
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Parasite of poultry and wild birds
on host at night--bloodsucking dx by finding red or black mites in environment during the day can be a pest to people |
Dermanyssus gallinae
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Chiggers, Harvest mites
only larvae are parasitic usually red or orange attach for several days-intense pruritus after mites are gone tx is symptomatic |
Trombiculid mites
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Tick Phylum _______ , Class _______
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Arthropoda
Arachnida |
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Soft ticks are Family _______ and Hard ticks are Family ________
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Argasidae
Ixodidae |
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Basic Hard tick life cycle
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Egg no legs-->Larvae 3 pairs of legs-->Nymph 4 pairs of legs-->Adult 4 pairs of legs
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Why are ticks good disease vectors?
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Persistent blood feeders
Feed slowly Highly scerlotized Few natural enemies Wide host range Long Lived High repro potential |
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2 parts of a tick body
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Capitulum and Idiosoma
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Parts of the Capitulum
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Basis capituli and Mouth parts (palps, chelicerae, hypstome)
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Do all ticks transmit pathogens in the same time frame?
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No...some pathogens take different time periods to be transmitted by the same tick species...also the same tick genera make take different times to transmit the same pathogen
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How do ticks seek their host?
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Questing
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Ticks that live along paths, trails, etc. where host will pass are _________
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Non-nidicolous
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Which tick transmits Lyme Disease?
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Ixodes (scapularis, pacificus, ricinus)
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Ixodes scapularis has a life cycle that lasts for up to ___ years and it utilizes ____ hosts during that time
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2 and 3
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What is the defining characteristic of Ixodes in general? What tells you its an adult?
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Anal groove
Genital opening |
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What tick species possesses a white star on its back?
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Amblyoma americanum
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What diseases does A. americanum transmit?
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RMSF
STARI Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (E. chaffeensis) Canine and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (E. ewingi) |
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The American dog tick
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Dermacentor variabilis
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How long is the life cycle of Dermacentor?
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1-2 years
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Dermacentor transmits (3 diseases)
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RMSF
Cytauxzoan felis E. canis |
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Is Dermacentor Ornate? Does it have festoons?
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Yes for both
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The brown dog tick
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus
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Can complete its life cycle in _______
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2 months
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Rhipicephalus transmits...
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E. canis
Possibly A. platys Babesia canis and B. gibsoni |
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What is the defining characteristic of Rhipicephalus on the basis capituli?
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Lateral expansions
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Is Rhipicephalus ornate?
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No
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Texas cattle fever tick (1 host). Still in the US?
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Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus
No, eradicated to Mexico |
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Ascending motor paralysis from toxic substances in saliva
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Tick paralysis
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How is tick paralysis treated?
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Remove the tick!!
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Modes of tick control
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Vaccination
Prevention Treatments Manual removal |