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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a diverse group of single cell eukaryotic organisms?
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Protozoans!
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Name two anti-malarial drugs. Which has shown the most resistance
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Mefloquine
Chloroquine (most resistance) |
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What is the vector from malaria?
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female anopheline mosquitoes
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What does the female anopheline inject (& how many) and what does it rapidly infect?
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sporozoites (1-30)
hepatocytes (liver) |
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After the prepatent period, what ruptures from the hepatocytes and how many? what does each infect?
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10,000 merozoites
each infects a RBC --> ring pathology |
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What forms that can be taken back up by the mosquito? how does this "complete" the life cycle?
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male and female gametes --> into gut of mosquito --> ookinete --> sporozoites (migrates to salivary gland)
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what are the two targets (general) of anti-malarials?
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liver
blood |
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what stage is associated with the clinical and pathologic stages?
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asexual RBC stage
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What does the paroxysm (symptom course) correspond with?
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RBC rupture and release of merozoites
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What is the malaria that kills?
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Falciparum Malaria
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What is a severe response to the most lethal form of malaria?
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Cerebral malaria (often causes death -- falciparum)
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What is meant by cytoadherence and which form exhibits this?
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Knobs that adhere RBCs to vessel walls (electron dense)
falciparum |
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What are the symptoms of malaria?
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severe flu-like symptoms
headache myalgia bone pain *recurrent fever (**although cannot be used as an exclusion in dx) |
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what are the main ways malaria kills?
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cerebral malaria
severe anemia (1-2 Hb) placental malaria splenic rupture (vivax form) *all others are falciparum form |
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* what is the significance of the "knobs" in the falciparum form?
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stick to walls of blood vessels in order to AVOID SPLEEN (would kill abnormal RBCs) --> clog vessels and capillaries
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what is the count of "rings" (merozoites in RBCs)?
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parasitemia
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What is the very best treatment for malaria?
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Prevention!
bed nets vaccine? |
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What do maternal infected RBCs bind to?
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Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA)
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What is unique/promising about multigravid women?
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(more than 2 pregnancies)
have developed CSA immunity (maternal malaria) |
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* What happens to your protection from malaria if you leave the endemic area?
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goes away (story of college students returning)
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who is most commonly killed by malaria?
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<5 yrs old (by far)
or not from endemic area |
