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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is Cryptosporidium zoonotic?
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Yes
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What species of Crypto is zoontic?
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C. parvum from cattle
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Main clinical sign of Crypto in mammals?
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Watery diarrhea
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Oocysts of Crypto are excreted in what form?
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Sporulated
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Treatment options?
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No treatment
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Best flotation solution for finding oocysts of Crypto is ________
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Sugar flotation
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Which humans are most at risk?
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Immunocompromised
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Is T. gondii zoonotic?
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Yes
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What is the definitive host of T. gondii?
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Cats
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Life stages of T. gondii and location
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Sporozoites--oocysts for intermediate host
Bradyzoites--in tissue cysts Tachyzoites--rarely happens usually by blood transfusion |
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Life cycle of T. gondii
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Sporozoites from environment-->tissue cysts with bradyzoites in raw and under meat-->tachyzoites in tissues-->EE stages only in cats
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How long do cats produce oocysts?
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2-3 weeks then develop strong immunity to oocyst excretion
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Can be in any organ
Survive for the life of the animal Latent and can be reactivated if host becomes IC |
Tissue cysts
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In tissue cysts
Latent states Responsible for initiating meat induced infections |
Bradyzoites
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Which stage can give rise to EE stages in cats which produce oocysts?
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Bradyzoites
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Rapidly dividing stages
Cause tissue destruction and disseminate infection Stages that cross placenta |
Tachyzoites
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Which stage causes tissue destruction?
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Tachyzoites
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What is the sequence of relapse in the IC individual?
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Tissue cyst rupture-->bradyzoites to tachyzoite stage conversion
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Clinical signs of toxoplasmosis
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Any organ can be infected
Pneumonia Hepatitis Encephalitis Ocular disease |
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What are the sources of Toxoplasma in humans?
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Under cooked meat--tissue cysts
Pork, lamb, goat, meat from wild animals |
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Where can humans pick up oocysts of T. gondii?
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Contaminated produce, soil, water, litter box
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When is a pregnant woman most likely to infect her baby?
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3rd trimester
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When will the infection be most severe?
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1st trimester
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Is it better to know the antibody status of the cat or the pregnant woman?
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Pregnant woman
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T. gondii causes abortions in...
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Sheep, Goats, and Pigs
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What treatments are available for T. gondii?
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Pyrimethamine and sulfonamides
Clindamycin (+/- pyrimethamine) Ponazuril-experimental |
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Is treatment for Toxoplasma for the acute or chronic infection?
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Acute
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Dogs are the definitive host for what coccidia species?
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Neospora caninum
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What coccidia species involves the muscle?
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Sarcocystis
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Is sarcocystis zoonotic?
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Yes--S. hominis (beef cattle) and S. suihominis (pig-pork)
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Prevalent in grazing and wild animals
Grossly visible cysts can cause carcass condemnation |
Sarcocystis
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Affects dogs in the south
Tick vector (A. maculatum) |
Hepatozoan americanum
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Abortions in cattle maintained by transplacental transmission
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Neospora
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What is EPM?
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Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
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What is given to treat EPM?
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Pyrimethamine plus sulfonamide
Ponazuril NTZ |
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What is the definitive host of the EPM protozoa?
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Opossum
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How is EPM diagnosed?
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Western blot on CSF
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