Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the two major divisions of arthropods in terms of pesticides? |
- insects - ticks and mites |
|
|
What is the action of pesticides? |
- kill outright - interfere with normal growth and development |
|
|
What is the trend for pesticides? |
- broad spectrum or combination products |
|
|
Where pyrethrins or phyrethroids a natural product that came first? |
- pyrethrins - pyrethroids are synthetic versions: more effective and longer lasting than pyrethrins |
|
|
What is the mode of action for pyrethrins/pyrethroids? |
- quick knock down agents work on nervous system, cause paralysis - have some repellent activity |
|
|
What might be found in pyrethrins/pyrethroids in the active ingredients list? |
- contain synergists - slow detoxification |
|
|
Pyrethrins are most common in what type of pesticides? How is it administered? Is it safe? |
- botanical pesticides - plant products - quickly metabolized by light
- topical
- pretty safe because rapidly metabolized |
|
|
How are pyrethroids administered? What about their toxicity? |
- topical
- similar to pyrethrins, but worse because more portent and last longer - permethrin dog products cause many cases of toxicity in cats |
|
|
What are examples of Neonicotinoids (Choloronicotinyls, nitroguadnidines)? |
- imidacloprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran |
|
|
What is the spectrum of action on Neonicotinods? Route of administration? |
- insects - nicotinic agonists (low toxicity because mammalian receptors are different)
- mostly topical
|
|
|
Where do spinosyns come from? What are they similar to? What is their spectrum? Toxicity? Route of administration? |
- derived originally from soil bacterium - chemically like macrocyclic lactones (spinosad, spinetoram) - spectrum: insects - low toxicity - topical and oral |
|
|
What is the spectrum, toxicity, and route of administration for Fipronil (phenylpyrazole) |
- spectrum: insects, ticks, mites - toxicity: safe (doesn't bind to mammalian receptors, some evidence it is toxic in rabbits) - topical: lipophilic, released from hair follicles, sebaceous glands |
|
|
What is the spectrum, mode of action, toxicity, and route of administration for Amitraz (formamidines)? |
- spectrum: ticks, mites primarily - mode of action: momoamine oxidase inhibitor - toxicity: DO NOT USE IN HORSES, do not combine with other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Toxic effects inclue lethargy, hypostension, vomiting - topical administration |
|
|
What is the spectrum for indozacarb (oxadiazine)? |
- insects - small animal use - not in active form until metabolized by insect |
|
|
What is the spectrum and route of administration for Isozazolines? |
- just introduced to market - spectrum: ticks and insects - mode of administration: oral |
|
|
What are some other pesticide groups? |
- carbamates and organophosphates |
|
|
What is the mode of action for carbamates/organophsphates? |
- inhibit acetylcholinesterase - carbamates present in OTC flea treatments, flea and tick collars - organophosphates in some large animal pesitices, OTC flea collars |
|
|
What is the safety of carbamates/organophosphates? |
- carbamates can cause toxicity if overdosed - salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, respiratory failure |
|
|
What pesticide compounds affect growth and development? |
- insect development inhibitors: chitin synthesis inhibitors (lufenuron) - insect growth regulators: juvenile hormone analongs (Methoprene and pyripoxyfen) |
|
|
What is the mode of action, spectrum, toxicity, and route of administration for compounds that affect growth and development? |
mode of action: interfere with chitin production or act as hormone analongs and prevent maturation spectrum: many insects, depends on product toxicity: very low becuase vertebrates don't mold and have chitin administration: topical, environmental
|
|
|
What are examples of antiprotozoals that are antibacterials? |
- sulfonamides - nitroimidazoes - ionophores - macrolides - trizaones - pyridine derivatives - pyrimidine derivatives - benzimidazoles |
|
|
What do sulfonamides do? |
- inhibit folic acid production - used for treatment of coccidian parasites |
|
|
What do nitroimidazoes do? |
- interfere with RNA synthesis - metroniddazole: used for treatment of Fiardia |
|
|
What do ionophres do? |
- detroy cross-membrane ion gradients - monensin, lasalocid - used for prevention of coccidiosis |
|
|
What do macrolides do? |
- inhibits protein synthesis - clindamycin - used for treatment of Toxoplasma infections |
|
|
What do trizaones do? |
- inhibit nuclear division - diclazuril, ponazuril - for coccidosis in poultry and EPM in horses |
|
|
What do pyridine derivatives do? |
- interfere with mitochondrial metabolism - decoquinate - for coccidiosis in food animals, poultry |
|
|
What do pyrimidine derivatives do? |
- amprolium: competitive thiamine anagonist - treatment and prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and food animals |
|
|
What kind of benzimidazoles are used to treat Giardia? |
- ABZ and FBZ |
