Parasitology Lecture 2 - Insecta

Front 1

What are the key features of the "Insecta"class of Parasites?

Back 1

- 3 pairs of legs
- 3 parts of body (head, thorax, abdomen)
- antennae
- can have wings

Front 2

What are the 3 classes of Arthropods?

Back 2

- Crustaceans (5 pairs of legs)
- Insecta (3 pairs of legs)
- Arachnids (4 pairs of legs)

Front 3

What are the three orders that make up the "Insecta" class?

Back 3

- Diptera (flies)
- Siphonaptera (fleas)
- Phthiraptera (lice)

Front 4

What does "Diptera" mean?

Back 4

the Order representing "flies"

Front 5

What does "Siphonaptera" mean?

Back 5

the Order representing "fleas"

Front 6

What does "Phthiraptera" mean?

Back 6

the Order representing "lice"

Front 7

What are the 3 Classifications of Diptera?

Back 7

- Nematocera (small flies)
- Brachycera (large flies)
- Cyclorrhapha

Front 8

What does the Classification "Nematocera" mean?

Back 8

- small flies

Front 9

What does the Classification "Bachycera" mean?

Back 9

- big flies

Front 10

What are the two methods by which you can tell apart the different Classifications of Diptera (flies)?

Back 10

- morphology of antennae
- morphology of wings

Front 11

Which Diptera has long and thin antennae accompanied by long and thin wings?

Back 11

Nematocera (small fies)

Front 12

Which Diptera has thick antennae accompanied by rounded wings?

Back 12

Brachycera (big flies)

Front 13

Which Diptera has short and stumpy antennae with "arista" coming off of them, and triangular shaped wings?

Back 13

Cyclorrhapha

Front 14

What are the key featured of the Classification "Nematocera" (Diptera)?

Back 14

- small flies up to 3 mm
- antennae are long and slender
- larvae / pupae are aquatic
- females are parasitic
- are intermittent parasites (dont always have to be on host)
- often NOT host specific

Front 15

What are the 4 families of Nematocera (order: Diptera)?

Back 15

- Ceratopogonida (midges)
- Simuliidae (black flies)
- Psychodidae (sand flies)
- Culicidae (mosquetoes)

Front 16

What are the main effects that Nematocera have on the host?

Back 16

- irritation (due to bites)
- blood loss
- vectors for viruses, bacteria, protozoa, nematodes.

Front 17

What is the family name for biting midges?

Back 17

- Ceratopogonidae

Front 18

What is the genus for biting midges?

Back 18

- Culicoides

Front 19

What is the main method of identification of Ceratopogonidae?

Back 19

spotted wings (midges)

Front 20

Where do the larvae of Ceratopogonidae develop?

Back 20

(midges) in water, mud, sand, dung (need moisture)

Front 21

What are the three groups of Ceratopogonidae (midges)?

Back 21

- salt water species (2)
- native species (1)
- introduced species (2)

Front 22

What are the two Ceratopogonidae salt water species?

Back 22

- Culicoides immaculatus
- Culicoides marmoratus

Front 23

What are the key features of the salt water Ceratopogonidae species Culicoides immaculatus and Culicoides marmoratus?

Back 23

- breed in mangroves
- are crepuscular (bite at twilight)
- are NOT host specific
- are a human nuisance

Front 24

What is the native species of Ceratopogonidae?

Back 24

- Culicoides marksi

Front 25

Culicoides marksi:
where does it breed, where is it found, when does it feed, and what does it feed on?

Back 25

- pools of water
- Northern australia (wet season)
- crepuscular (twilight feeder)
- bites legs and belly of cattle (primarily bites marsupials)

Front 26

What parasite does Culicoides marksi act as a vector for?

Back 26

the nemetode Onchocerca gibsoni

Front 27

What are the two introduced species of Ceratopogonidae (midges)?

Back 27

- Culicoides brevitarsis
- Culicoides wadai

Front 28

Where do the introduced species of Ceratopogonidae breed?

Back 28

wet areas
- need cattle dung to breed in (not a problem in Australia before cattle were brought)

Front 29

Which introduced species of Ceratopogonidae causes "Queensland Itch"?

Back 29

Culicoides brevitarsis

Front 30

What Family of Diptera is "Simuliidae"?

Back 30

Black flies

Front 31

Which of the maritime species of ceratopogonidae has wide distribution yet is an inefficient host?

Back 31

Culicoides brevitarsis

Front 32

Which maritime species has a limited distribution but is a very effective vector?

Back 32

Culidcoides wadai

Front 33

What is the family name for the Nematocera "black flies"?

Back 33

Simuliidae

Front 34

What are the two genera for the family Simuliidae (Nematocera)?

Back 34

- Simulium
- Astrosimulium

Front 35

What are two key features of the Simuliidae (black flies)?

Back 35

- multi-branched antennae
- humpy back

Front 36

What is the breading cycle of the Simuliidae?

Back 36

- aquatic life cycle where eggs are laid along side river beds and hatch during a flood

Front 37

What species of Simuliidae (black flie) is a major pest in Australia?

Back 37

Austrosimulium Pestilens (can cause stampedes)

Front 38

What species of Simuliidae (black flie) is a major pest in Africa?

Back 38

Simulium damnsum (can cause blindness)

Front 39

What organism does Simuliidae act as a vector for cattle?

Back 39

Onchocerca gutturosa

Front 40

What organism does Simuliidae act as a vector for humans (Africa)?

Back 40

O. volvulus (causes blindless)

Front 41

What type of Nematocera is the family "Psychodidae"?

Back 41

sand flies

Front 42

What is the genus for the Psychodidae (Nematocera)?

Back 42

Phlebotomum

Front 43

Why aren't the family Psychodidae a major concern in Australia?

Back 43

because all species only feed on reptiles in Australia

Front 44

What is the identification method of the family Psychodidae?

Back 44

hairy wings

Front 45

what is the importance of Psychodidae in parasitology?

Back 45

they are vectors of the protozoan disease: leishmaniasis

Front 46

What is the Family name for "mosqueto"?

Back 46

Culicidae

Front 47

What are the 3 Genera of Culicidae?

Back 47

- Culex
- Aedes
- Anopheles

Front 48

What is the largest concern about the Culicidae family?

Back 48

that they act as major vector transmitters.

Front 49

What viruses can the Culicidae family act as vectors for?

Back 49

- yellow fever
- equine encephalitis
- dengue fever
- myxoma (rabbits)
- Ross River virus
- Barmah Forest virus
- Murry Valley Encephalitis

Front 50

What is the protozoa that the Culicidae family acts as a vector for?

Back 50

malaria

Front 51

What Classification of Diptera are "Brachycera"?

Back 51

big flies

Front 52

What common names does the Brachycera genus: "Tabanidae" get called?

Back 52

Tabanids, march flies, horse flies

Front 53

What are the morphological features of Tabanidae?

Back 53

- large
- slow
- short antennae

Front 54

What are the breeding characteristics of Tabainidae?

Back 54

- breed along coasts and rivers, and in forests.
- the larval stages are aquatic

Front 55

What are Tabainidae vectors for?

Back 55

- trypanosomes
- anthrax
- some nematodes
- cause African Sleeping Sickness