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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define parasite. |
an animal or plant which lives in or upon another organism and draws its nutrients directly from it |
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What does the suffix -cide mean? |
kill |
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Define pesticide. |
usually used for external parasites/arthropds |
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What is an anthelmintic? |
- drug used for treatment and control of worms - animals are dewored |
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Define dose, dosage, half-life, and formulation. |
- dose- the quantity to be administered at one time - dosage- the determination and regulation of the seize, frequency, and number of doses - half-life- time required for one half of an administered dose to be cleared from the blood - formulation- drug delivery components |
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Define Mode of Action, Spectrum of Action, Efficacy, and Residual activity. |
mode of action- how the drug works to kill an organism - spectrum of action- organisms affected - efficacy- how effective the drug is against an organism - length of time drug maintains efficacy after administration |
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Define Safety margin (Therapeutic idex) and withdrawal time. |
safety margin- maximum tolerated dose/effective dose - withdrawal time- amount of time after drug administration that products must be held to avoid drug residues entering hum food at an unacceptable level |
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Who regulates drugs given internally? Topically? |
- FDA - EPA |
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What does treat/control mean? What about prevent? Repellent? |
- treat/control: 90% of organisms exposed are eliminated - prevent: may refer to a disease, not infection - repellent: disrupts normal behavior during host seeking |
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Define resistance. |
the development of an ability in a strain of some organism to tolerate doses of a toxicant that would prove lethal to a majority of individuals in a normal population of the same species |
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What are some causes of resistance? |
- heritable characteristics - results from random mutation - drug use selects for resistant alleles and increases their frequency in the population - resistance mechanisms vary but can be related to drug metabolism, drug receptor... |
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Define refugia. |
- pool of parasites no exposed to the drug - these parasites not exposed to the drug when you give it, we hope it will include susceptible parasites - this has become one of the most important principles in parasite control, especially for grazing animals |
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What factors influence the rate of development of resistance? |
- treatment - efficacy - refugia - half life - genetics (look at graph PPT1;39) |
