Parasitology Ii Exam 1

Front 1

Direct saline smear

Back 1

Used to detect protozoa and helminth larvae- that would usually be distorted/ killed with other techniques.
Procedure: add a dab of feces to a drop of saline on a glass slide and cover with coverslip.

Front 2

Simple Fecal Float

Back 2

Concentrating eggs increases sensitivity. Specific gravity of the solution is chosen to allow more common parasites to float and debris to sink.
Procedure: 4 grams of feces with 20 ml of sodium nitrate and mix. Filter with cheese cloth and create a reverse meniscus in another container. Sit for 7 min, then place coverslip, then remove and put on slide.

Front 3

Centrifugal fecal float

Back 3

Actively increases the sensitivity by force.
Procedure: 4g of feces with 20ml of sugar solution or zinc sulfate. Filter with cheese cloth, put in 15ml tube with reverse meniscus. Add coverslip and centrifuge at 1,500 rpm for 5 min. Put coverslip on slide.

Front 4

Modified McMaster's Technique

Back 4

Allows quantitative estimation of the degree of shedding from an animal by diluting feces into a fixed amount. Good for pasture contamination and anthelmentic efficacy.
Procedure: 4 g of feces with 56ml of sodium nitrate, mix and filter. Fill chambers of the slide and sit for 3 min. Count within the lines of slide and multiply by 50= eggs per gram!

Front 5

Wisconsin Technique

Back 5

more sensitive than Mcmaster's. for less than 50 eggs per gram.
Procedure: 5 grams of feces with 15 ml of sugar solution. mix and filter. centrifugate tube with coverslip at 1,500 rpm for 5min. Examine entire coverslip at 10x.
Divide by 5 for eggs per gram.

Front 6

Baermann Technique

Back 6

isolate motile larvae of nematodes.
Procedure: 10 grams of feces with two layers of cheesecloth with rubber band. put in wine glass and fill with luke warm water. Sit 8 hours (min). Collect lowest 10 ml of fluid. Examine first in dissecting scope, then microscope.

Front 7

Fecal Sedimentation

Back 7

good for trematodes, some tapeworms and some nematodes.
Procedure: mix 1g of feces with 10ml of water and pour into 15ml centrifuge tube. Add either ethyl acetate or Hemo-De until tube is almost full, shake 50 times. Centrifuge for 3-5 min at 500G. Take out everything except bottom sediment. Resuspend pellet in water and place 1-2 drops on a slide!

Front 8

Active fecal float with zinc sulfate... give examples of what could be found.

Back 8

In lab, giardia and isospora felis was found.
less sensitive than a snap test, but more broad.

Front 9

Good/Bad about SNAP giardia test.

Back 9

It is very sensitive, but does not quantify. Should only be used if symptomatic. This and a float should be used in a sick dog.

Front 10

Describe strategic deworming

Back 10

goal= to prevent environmental contamination. Try to disrupt parasite lifecycle before they release eggs into the environment. Good for whole herd approach. Ex: : only deworm for small strongyles in the cooler months because they will not survive the summer months anyways.

Front 11

Describe prophylactic use of parasiticides.

Back 11

Routine use- preventative measure.
Disadvantages- cost, may interfere with acquired immunity in treated animals, encourage resistance in parasites.

Front 12

Therapeutic use of parasiticides

Back 12

Removes majority of parasites.. clinical response is variable, depends on the host, parasite, degree of pathology of parasite caused while alive and dead.

Front 13

Endectocide- define

Back 13

kills parasites inside and outside an animal, but not necessary "all"

Front 14

Treatment, control, prevent

Back 14

90%, 80%, and less

Front 15

Emodepside- mechanisms.

Back 15

paralysis and death of parasites by stimulate presynaptic secretin receptors.
kill ascarids and stongylids.