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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common clinical presentation of pinworm?
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perianal pruritis
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Diagnosis of pinworm
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Scotchtape test
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Size/morphology of pinworm
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females larger than males, pin at one end
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Treatment for pinworm (enterobius)
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Albendazole
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Association of pinworm w/?
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D. fragilis
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Heavy Whipworm infection assoc with?
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Rectal prolapse
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Tx for trichuris (whipworm)
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Albendazole
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Ascaris mode of infection
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ingestion of eggs
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Ascaris infection can cause?
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Loefflers, intestinal obstruction, biliary dz
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Tx of ascaris
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Albendazole
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Clinical presentation of hookworm
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iron deficiency anemia
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What can you get by walking in sand
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Strongyloides, Ancylostoma (old world hookworm), Necator (new world hookworm)
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Where do you see hyperinfection syndrome?
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Strongyloides in immuno compromised pts and steroids
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Tx of strongyloides
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Ivermectin
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How to diagnose visceral larva migrans?
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Serology (Elisa)
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How do you get Anisakiasis
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eating raw marine fish and squid
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Tx of visceral larva migrans
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Albendazole, DEC
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Diagnosis of anisakiasis
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Hx, symptoms of abd pain, Xray
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Trichinella spiralis
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get it from eating undercooked pork; encyst in muscle, heart, brain
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Symptoms of trichinosis
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myalgias, eosinophilia, periorbital edema, conjunctivitis, myocarditis
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Diagnosis of trichinosis
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serology, muscle biopsy
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How do you get Drancunculus?
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ingest copepods in water
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Loa loa (african eye worm) transferred by what
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Chrysops fly
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Calabar swelling?
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loa loa
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Tx of loa loa (african eye worm)
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DEC, corticosteroids before tx of meningoencephalitis
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Diagnosis of loa loa (african eye worm)
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blood smear during DAY, microfilariae
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Onchocerca volvulus AKA?
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River blindness BLACK
Eye manifestations leading to blindness, adult within dermal nodules, hanging groin |
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Transmission of onchocerca?
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Blackfly
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Tx of onchocerca (river blindness)
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Ivermectin
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Wucheria bancrofti (filariasis)
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transmitted by mosquito
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Tx of Wucheria bancrofti (filariasis)
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DEC
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Symptoms of Wucheria bancrofti (filariasis)
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lymphangitis, elefantiasis, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, chyluria
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lymphangitis, elefantiasis, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, chyluria
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Symptoms of Wucheria bancrofti (filariasis)
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Will drugs help when you get elefantiasis?
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No, its a plumbing problem then. Wucheria bancrofti (filariasis) can be treated with DEC early on
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What causes Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
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seen in wucheria bancrofti; asthma like condition, high IgE
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Diurnal variation vs nocturnal variation
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Diurnal- loa loa
nocturnal- wucheria bancroft |
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Elevated IgM
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African trypanosomiasis (african sleeping sickness)
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Chagoma and periorbital edema (Romano's sign)
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Trypanosoma cruzi, American trypanosome;Chagas' Dz
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Transmissino of trypanosoma cruzi, American trypanosome;Chagas' Dz
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kissing bug (reduviid bug)
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Chronic chagas' dz
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cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus,
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How to diagnose chronic chagas'
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Serology
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Tx of chagas
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Nifurtimox, benznidazole
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can cause TORCH like syndrome
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Chagas
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Pseudopolyps and colonic stenosis
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S. mansoni
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Clay pipe stem fibrosis
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seen in S. mansoni
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Ascending cholangitis
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fasciola, clonorchis, opisthorcis
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Dx of fasciola
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Eggs in stool, serology
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Tx of fasciola
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Triclabendazole
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Tx of severe malaria
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IV quinidine plus doxy or artesunate
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Tetrad for babesia
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know it for test on histology
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Babesia
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transmitted by ticks
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How to diagnose Microsporidia
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unmodified trichrome
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AIDs related diarrhea not picked up on other routine stains
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Microsporidia
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D. latum
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ingest raw fish, also causes vit B12 deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia
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Tx of d latum
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Praziquantal
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Pt comes in cyst with scolex in it
Tx |
cysticercosis caused by taenia solium (not taeniasis)
Tx: albendazole with steroids (taeniasis tx: Praziquantal since definitive host) |
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how do you get cystic hydatid dz
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dog tapeworm echinococcus, eating dog feces
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where do cysts go in cystic hydatid dz (echinococcus)
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anywhere
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Tx of cystic hydatid dz (echinococcus)
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albendazole tx for months, then surgery
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3 major clinical syndromes of leishmaniasis
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visceral, cutaneous, mucosal
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What does L donovani of leishmaniasis cause?
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causes hepatosplenic dz, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly
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Leishmaniasis can be confused witrh
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shisto, malaria
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Diag of leish
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Need NNN media
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Tx of leish
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liposomal Ampho B
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Mucosal Leish
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L braziliensis, panamensis, guayanensis
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Tx of Cutaneous Leish
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give IV styvogluconate (pentostam?) (antimony?)
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What do you give DEC for?
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wucheria bancrofti (filariasis, elephantiasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, chyluria)
Loa loa (african eye worm) |
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What gives you calabar swellings?
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Loa loa (african eye worm)-
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What protozoa cause a non-bloody diarrhea?
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giardia and cyclospora
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What protozoa cause a bloody diarrhea?
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entamoeba histolytica
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What causes liver abscesses?
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Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris, Fasciola
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Where does Leishmania donovani live in the body?
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Macrophages containing amastigotes
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What organism makes flask-shaped ulcers? Where?
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Entamoeba histolytica
Toxic megacolon |
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What do you find D. fragilis with?
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Pinworm (enterobius)
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What are the symptoms of amebiasis?
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Organism isEntamoeba histolytica,
bloody and mucus diarrhea, toxic megacolon, perforation, appendicitis |
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How do you treat Balantidium coli? (its invasive)
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tetracycline
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Dx of toxocara (visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans)
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serology
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How do you treat things with larva? (such as toxocara, ancylostoma brazilienze)
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Albendazole
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Tx for cryptosporidia?
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Nitazoxanide (children and HIV)
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Winterbottom sign?
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Trypanosome brucei (African sleeping sickness)
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How do we get toxocara canis?
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eggs shed in stool from dogs,
we ingest these eggs |
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What does toxocara canis cause?
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Visceral larva migrans- eosinophilia, fever, hepatomegaly (ages 2-4) pica
Ocular larva migrans- eosinophilic inflammatory mass. children and adults |
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what are the causes of visceral larva migrans?
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toxocara canis (from dog)
Baylisascaris (raccoons) |
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What can baylisascaris from raccoon cause?
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Visceral larva migrans.
SEVERE meningoencephalitis |
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You notice a serpiginous track on the feet. What do you suspect?
How to treat? |
Ancylostoma braziliense. (dog/cat hookworm)
Albendazole. |
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Pt comes in complaining of violent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting shortly after eating. what do you suspect? What did he eat?
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anisakiasis.
raw or undercooked fish |
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What causes tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
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Wucheria Bancrofti
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Painless unilateral peri-orbital edema (Romano’s sign)
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Trypanosoma cruzi Acute phase of Chagas disease
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Intense itching; hanging groin, river blindness
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Onchocerca volvulus
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pt has eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, with hx of ingesting raw snails and prawns.
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis
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strawberry cervix. What is it?
How to diagnose? How do you treat? how do you get it? |
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoite on wet mount Metronidazole ONLY thru SEXUAL CONTACT |
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Acid-fast and self-limiting diarrhea in immune competent host?
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Cryptosporidia
Cyclospora Isospora |
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What does giardia cause?
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EXPLOSIVE watery diarrhea
impaired absorption of fat and vit B12 offensive yellow stools, faltulence. |
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How to diagnose microsporidia?
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UNMODIFIED TRICHROME
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If left untreated, what can cause cholangiocarcinoma?
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Clonorchis
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Tx of giardia
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Metronidazole
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Tx of entamoeba histolytica?
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Metronidazole AND
Iodoquinol (to treat asymptomatic cysts) |
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How do you treat strongyloides?
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Ivermectin
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Ingested raw fish and sick. How to differentiate?
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Cholangitis/cholangiocarcinoma-clonorchis
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency)- D. Latum nausea, vomiting, violent abd pain- anisakiasis |
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What is the cause of rectal prolapse?
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Whipworm (trichuris trichiura)
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How to treat rectal prolapse?
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push it back in
since it is trichruris trichiura, give albendazole |
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Tx of cyclospora and isospora?
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Bactrim
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How do you treat babesia?
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Clindamycin and quinine
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What organism requires the duffy receptor on RBCs?
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P. vivax
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Tx for T. gondi?
Prophylaxis for T. gondi? |
Tx: sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine
Prophy:Bactrim |
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Diagnosis of T. gondi
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Serology-anti-T.gondi antibodies
salt and pepper scarring in retina |
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Symptoms of T. gondi in immune competent pts.
"..." in immunodeficient |
1-2 week incubation
immunecompetent- most asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy w/o fever immunedeficient-encephalitis, cough and fever, retinochoroiditis |
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Pt asymptomatic with B. hominis. What do you do?
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nothing
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What do you give steroids with?
What do you NOT give steroids with? |
Loa loa w/meningoencephalitis- DEC and steroids
neurocysticercosis-albendazole and steroids. also check eyes Strongyloides- dont give bc hyperinfection, and can spread everywhere!!!! |
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associated with eating imported foods like raspberries
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cyclospora
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how to diagnose and treat PCP?
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Sputum:silver stain/giemsa
Tx:Bactrim as prophylaxis, corticosteroids if pt has severe pneumonia with O2 defects |
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how is trypanosome cruzi transmitted (vector)? what dz does it cause?
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Kissing bug
Chagas Dz |
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Tx for Chagas?
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Nifurtimox/Benznidazole is tx for Chagas (trypanome cruzi)
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How do you diagnose Chagas?
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Trypomastigotes in blood smear (acute stage)
Serology (chronic stage) |
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problems in chronic chagas?
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pseudocysts in heart muscle, bundle branch block, cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon
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What dz can you acquire from transfusion, congenital, and transplantation?
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Chagas
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Vector of trypanosome brucei
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tsetse fly. African sleeping sickness
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