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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arthropoda |
means "jointed foot." all are covered with an exoskeleton composed of chitin. -can be parasites themselves -can be IH for parasites -produce toxins or venoms -serve as vectors for bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, rickettsiae, other |
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pediculosis |
infestation with lice |
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Acariasis |
infestation with mites |
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hirudiniasis |
infestation with leeches |
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myiasis |
"fly strike". maggot infestation |
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Blister beetles |
produce caustin substance that will blister or burn tissue. often found in alfalfa hay. especially harmful to horses fed infected hay. |
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True bugs |
reduviid bugs. kissing bugs, visit host for blood meal. IM host for Trypanosoma cruzi. Dogs and cats are host |
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Trypanosoma cruzi |
causes Chagas' disease seen mostly in South America; rarely in the US |
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Cimex lectularius |
bed bugs. visit host for blood meal. Rabbits, poultry, and pigeon colonies are infested. Humans are also infested. not vectors for disease but cause allergic reaction, rashes |
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Mallophaga |
chewing or biting lice, feed on epithelial debris. large, rounded head. Trichodectes canis- dog Felicola subrostratus- cat Damalinia bovis- cow Damalinia caprae- goat Damalinia equi- horse Damalinia ovis- sheep |
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Anoplura |
sucking lice, suck blood. narrow head, adapted for sucking Linognathus setosus- dog Haematopinus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus quadripertusus- cow Haematopinus asini- horse Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus pedalis- sheep Haematopinus suis- pig |
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Lice |
nits- egg stage. Found cemented to host's hair or feather shaft. Transmitted by direct contact or by fomites(bushes, etc) Pediculosis- infestation with lice, sucking lice can cause severe anemia species specific Collect with a fine comb, thumb forceps, etc. and place in mineral oil to identify. |
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Simulium species |
black flies, inflict painful bite and suck blood. |
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Lutzomyia spp and Phlebotomus species |
new world sand flies, active at night, transmit Leishmania sp protozoa |
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Culicoides spp |
"No see ums," midges, punkies or sand flies, suck blood and are IH for onchocerca cervicalis(nematode in equine skin) |
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Anopheles quadrimaculatu, Aedes aegypti, Culex species |
Mosquitos, transmit various bacteria, viruses, and parasites |
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Chrysops and tabanus species |
horse flies |
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Glossina species |
tsetse fly, can transmit Trypanosoma brucei(sleeping sickness) between animals or humans(species specific protozoa) |
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Stomoxys calcitrans |
stable fly, biting house fly, may cause a problem in outdoor dogs with erect ears by biting ear tips repeatedly |
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Haematobia irritans |
horn fly spends most of its adult life on cattle |
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Melophagus ovinus |
sheep ked, have a louse-like appearance because they are wingless, but they are flies |
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Musca domestica |
house fly. not of great veterinary importance unless they cause myiasis |
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Musca autumnalis |
face fly. vector for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis- bacteria Moraxella bovis |
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Calliphora sp, Lucilia sp, Phormia sp, and Phaenicia species |
bottle flies or blow flies. can cause myiasis |
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Sarcophaga species |
flesh fly. can cause myiasis |
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Liohippelates species |
dog penis gnats (DPGs) |
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Facultative myiasis |
The fly larvae move independetly around a wound, ingest dead cells, exudate, secretions and debris, but not live tissue. They can irritate, injure and kill successive layers of skin and produce exudates. They can also tunnel through the thinned epidermis into the subcutis and produce tissue cavities. The affected animal can die from this process, if not from the original wound. |
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Obligatory Myiasis |
producing flies are completely parasitic and depend on the host during development throught their life cycle |
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Chochliomyia hominivorax |
scre fly or screw worm fly. Reportable disease. Distinct 3rd stage larva with "wood screw" shape and presence of 2 deeply pigmented and parallel tracheal tubes at dorsal-posterior 3rd of larva. invader of fresh, uncontaminated skin wounds of domestic animals. Eradicated from the US but occasionally seen in imported animals. Can develop in any warm blooded animal. |
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Cuterebra species |
warbles of wolves. Commonly infested rabbits, squirrels, mice, rats, chipmunks, and occasionally dogs and cats. Grub-like larva. Flies lay eggs near entrance to rodent burrow, 1st stage larva are infective. Usually inhabit the subcutaneous space. often found in aberrant sites(eye, nose, ect.) Form a characteristic swollen, cyst-like subcutaneous lesion with a fistula or central pore that communicates to the outside. Removal is by enlarging the breathing hole and extracting larva. Take care not to crush larva b/c this could cause anaphylaxis |
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Gasterophilus species |
bot flies(adult), horse bots(larvae). 3 developmental stages that affect the horse:
-adult fly annoys the horse(but dont bite). they "glue" their eggs onto the horse's leg hair. the horse licks them off and ingests them. -larva penetrates lips, tongue, buccal cavity and migrates through oral mucosa. -Larva eventually attach to the stomach lining -Pass out into feces after 10-12 months. -Endo and Ecto. -Treated with ivermectin, dichlorvos, trichlorfan |
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Oestrus ovis |
nasal bots or nasal bot flies. produce respiratory myiasis in sheep. adult deposits eggs in nostril of sheep or goat. Larvae crawl upwards into nostrils or sinuses of host and produce a purulent rhinitis or sinusitis. when fully developed, they drop back onto ground. Ivermectin is used to treat this. |
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Fleas |
blood-sucking parasite. Dogs, cats, rodents, birds, people. May cause anemia or flea-bite dermatitis(miliary dermatitis). IM for other parasites, tapeworm. vector for disease: bubonic plague, tularemia. Know flea life cycle |
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Flea life cycle |
1. Adult 2. Egg 3. Larval stage 4. Pupal stage Egg falls off host, hatch into larvae within 2 weeks, larvae form a cocoon to become a pupae, pupae can last for months in environment before hatching to adult and re-infesting the host. These stages exist in the host's environment, bedding, anywhere the host spends a lot of time |
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mites |
infestation is called acariasis. Can live in(burrowing) or on(non-burrowing) the skin. They can be sarcoptiform(round, live in skin, Psoroptidae live on skin) or non-sarcoptiform(cigar shaped) |
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Sarcoptes scabei |
scabies mite. Very pruritic host, usually species specific and includes S. scabei variety canis, felis, suis, bovis, equi, and ovis. Zoonotic. Treatment is with ivermectin, lime-sulfer dips, etc. |
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Notoedres cati |
feline scabies mite, byt also affects rabbits. Usually found on the face and neck. there are species that affect mice, birds, guinea pigs, etc. Diagnosed with superficial skin scrapings, sometimes impossible to see mites |
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Psoroptes cuniculi |
rabbit ear mite, horse, goat, sheep
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Psoroptes ovis, P. bovis, P. equi |
the scabies mite of sheep, cattle, and horses, respectively |
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Chorioptes equi, C. bovis, C. caprae, C. ovis |
foot and tail mite, or itchy leg mites |
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Otodectes cynotis |
dog, cat, and ferret ear mite. Process to identify. Treatment is with ivermectin orally, topical administration of acaracide into ear canal, various topical insecticides |
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Demodex species |
host specific, lives in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin. Not contagious, considered normal flora but some dogs are immunodeficient and develop severe infestation. Cigar or hair follicle shaped. AKA-red mange, canine follicular mite. Can be asymptomatic or have localized or generalized demodecosis, Diagnosed with deep skin scraping, sometimes requires skin biopsy to diagnosed. Host specific: Demodex canis, d. cati and gatoi- cats, D. bovis- cattle, D. caprae- goats, D. ovis- sheep, D. equi Treatment: oral ivermectin, topical advantage mutli, Milbemycin, dips, Rotenone ointment, Good nutrition, spaying or neutering, resolving underlying endocrine issue |
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Trombicula species |
Chiggars. also called redbugs. can affect humans and other mammals. Only the larval stage is parasitic. the nymph and larval stages live free in environment. Live off of serous components of digested(liquefied) skin of host |
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Pneumonyssus canium |
the nasal mite of dogs. Rare. Lives in nasal turbinates and associated paranasal sinuses of dogs. May cause reddening of nasal mucosa, sneezing, head shaking, rubbing of nose or may be asymptomatic |
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Cheyletiella parasitivorax |
walking dandruff |
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ticks |
may be soft bodied ticks(argasid) or hard bodied ticks(ixodid). Important because of their voracious blood feeding habits and ability to transmit various pathogens. May also produce a toxin that causes tick paralysis. 4 life stages: egg, larvae, nymph, adult. Can also be classified by how many hosts they use for their life cycle. |
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Otobius megnini |
Soft bodied tick(Argasid). the spinous eat tick. Lack scutum, lateral edges rounded |
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Ixodid |
hard chitinous covering(scutum) on dorsal surface. Vectors of disease and tick paralysis. Adults, larvae, nymphs suck blood. One-host, two-host, or three-host. |
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Ixodes scapularis |
the deer tick. Vector for babesia microti, Borrelia burgdorferi and granulocytic ehrlichiosis(in humans) |
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus |
brown dog tick. IH for Babesia canis |
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Dermacentor variabilis |
american dog tick. Vector for rocky mountain spotted fever, tularemia, etc. |
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Dermacentor andersoni |
rocky mountain wood tick. Primary vector for RMSF(rocky mountain spotted fever) |
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Dermacentor occidentals |
pacific coast dog tick |
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Amblyomma americanum |
lone star tick |
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Amblyomma maculatum |
Gulf coast tick |
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Boophilus annulatus |
texas cattle fever tick. IH for Babesia bigemina. Eradicated from US |
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Sunphylum Pentastomida |
tongue worms. During their life cycle, they are pleomorphic- they have variety of physical forms. They resemble mites during their larval stages but look like worms during their nymphal and adult stages. Almost all parasitize reptiles. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Exceptions are Linguatula serrate-nasal passage and sinus worms. and Reighardia sternae- parasite of sea gulls and terns |
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leeches |
infestaion termed hirudiniasis. produce hirudin-powerful anticoagulant to keep host bleeding as they feed. Never pull off by force. Must be induced to detach by drops of salt solution, alcohol, or heat from a lighter or match. May have medicinal purposes. Not necessarily to suck blood but to encourage bleeding to tissues with impaired blood flow |
