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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mites |
Can infect humans but are considered transient in nature Sarcoptes scabeii variety canis can infect humans Sarcoptes scabeii variety hominis exists which is specific to humans |
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Ticks |
Use a variety of animals as hosts, including humans Can transmit Lyme Disease, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Dirofilaria immitis |
AKA Heartworm Affect canines, felines, and ferrets Incidental parasite in humans Adult found in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries |
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Heartworm PPP |
6 months |
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Heartworm symptoms |
Poor exercise tolerance Syncope Right sided heart enlargement (seen on X-Ray) Abdominal ascites Weak pulses - Tachycardia Murmurs |
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Heartworn Diagnosis |
Observing microfilariae in blood samples Blood films and PCV to confirm positive (but not sensitive enough to confirm negative) Concentration techniques help improve sensitivity Modified Knotts test, filters, Antigen testing-ELISA (most common), Occult Infections |
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Heartworm -ELISA test |
Most common method to detect infection, including occult infections Detects antigen of female adult heartworm |
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Heartworm - Occult Infections |
Mocrofilariae negative but the adult worms are present: Single sex infections On preventative medication or; Immune system is destroying microfilariae |
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Heartworm Treatment |
Pre-treatment testing - stability of patient Adulticides are given to kill adult worms Post-treatment- REST (NO exercise to prevent worms from going to the lungs) Microfilaricides given once adults no longer present Perform HW test to confirm negative |
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Heartworm Prevention |
Negative tested animals in heartworm endemic areas should be on preventatives during mosquito seasn/year round Daily, Monthly and bi-annual regimes available Oral, optical and injectible versions available |
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Heartworm in Felines |
Symptoms usually respiratory not cardiac More resistant to infection than dogs Produces few microfilariae in cats - harder to detect ELISA testing available No approved treatments exist Preventatives are commercially available
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Acanthoceilonema reconditum |
Formerly - Dipelitonema reconditum Parasite of Dogs Produces microfilariae in the blood (considered non-pathogenic) Has different microfilariae characteristics that HW
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Lice |
Flattened from their top to their underside (dorsoventrally) Small parasites, usually pale in colour Spend entire life cycle on one host Infested animals = lousy or suffering from pediculosis On skin in areas protected from being rubbed off Transmitted via direct or formites Young, old and malnourished animals more susceptable Species Specific |
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Lice Types |
Sucking Lice- Order Anoplura Chewing/Biting Lice- Order Mallaphaga |
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Order Anoplura |
"Sucking Lice" Larger than biting lice Red to grey in colour Pincer-like claws Thin pointed head is narrower than the thorax to puncture skin and feed Large infections cause anemia Found on man species except birds and cats
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Linognathus spp. |
Affects dogs, cattle, and sheep Second and Third legs are larger that the First pair and have claws |
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Linognathus spp. Types |
L. vituli (long-nosed sucking louse) L. ovillus (sucking face louse) L. pedalis (sucking food louse)
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Hematopinus spp. |
Affects cattle, pigs, and horses 3 pairs of legs are equal in size EX: Hematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed sucking louse) |
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Order Mallophaga |
"Biting/Chewing Lice" Smaller than sucking lice Yellow in colour Three pairs of legs adapted to clasp/move quickly Head is wider than the widest part of the thorax Problems result through irritation they cause |
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Mallophaga Species |
Damalinia bovis (bovine biting louse) Damalinia ovis (ovine biting louse) Damalinia caprae (caprine biting louse) Bovicola spp. Trichodectes spp. (affects canines) |
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Pediculosis |
Transmission from host to host Seasonal effects rising from low numbers after summer to a peak in the following late spring Foot lice infested from the pasture
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Pediculosis Clinical Signs |
Irritation causing rubbing Damage to fleece or skin Loss of milk production Anemia Stamping (foot lice)
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Lice Diagnostics |
Visible nits and lice visible to the naked eye Use a magnifying lens to identify the presence of nits or adults Isolate louse, place on slide with mineral oil and ID under x4 or x10 objective to determine species |
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Order Siphonapteran |
Fleas 4-5 mm in length Laterally compressed- Flatness allows them to "run" through hairs Wingless- can jump 200x their own body height |
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Flea Species |
More than 2000 species worldwide Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis Echidnophaga galinacea
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Ctenocephalides felis |
AKA cat flea Most common flea found on dogs and cats
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Ctenocephalides canis |
uncommon and occurs far less frequently on dogs than does the cat flea |
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Echidnophaga galinacea |
sticktight flea of poultry |
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Fleas- Disease Models |
Adults act as; vectors- bubonic plague in humans Intermediate Hosts- Dipylidium caninum And can cause; Allergy Dermatitis Anemia (heavy infestations)
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Diagnosis of Fleas |
Presence of adult, flea dirt,and/or larvae Flea Comb to locate adults/obtain flea feces- each fecal pellet=dried blood (turns red when mixed with water) |
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Flea Treatment |
Both the pet AND the environment Use of adulticides, insect growth regulators (IGR), insect development inhibitors (IDI) or a combination Can be in the form of: shampoos, dips, topical/spot-on treatments Oral Injectable
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