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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylum nematoda has how many papilliform/sensory organs |
16 |
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How many amphids in phylum nematoda |
2 |
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Rectal prolapse |
Trichuris |
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Geophagy |
Ancylostomq duodenale (hookworms) |
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Abdominal distention in children |
Hookworms |
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Ancillary dx procedure of ancylostoma |
Zinc sulfate |
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Winglike expansion At the anterior end |
Alae |
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10% rural 70% urban |
Enterobius vermibularis |
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90% in population Rural poor and urban slums |
A. lumbricoides |
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90% in population Rural poor and urban slums |
A. lumbricoides |
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5-60% Geographical and depends on rainfall |
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworms) |
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5-60% Geographical and depends on rainfall |
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworms) |
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70-80% both in rural and urban |
T. trichiura |
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Most common nematode parasitizing humans in the US |
E. vermicularis |
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Most effective prevention for E. vermicularis |
Education of parents |
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Contraindicated in pregnant women as it is teratogenic in animals |
Mebendazole |
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Infective stage of Enterobiud |
Embryonated w/ 3rd stage larva |
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8-13 cm x 0.4cm 2-5 cm x 0.4cm |
E. vermicularis |
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8-13 cm x 0.4cm 2-5 cm x 0.4cm |
E. vermicularis |
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Causes enterobiasis/oxyuriasis |
E. vermicularis |
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8-13 cm x 0.4cm 2-5 cm x 0.4cm W/ a long pointed tail |
E. vermicularis |
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Causes enterobiasis/oxyuriasis |
E. vermicularis |
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8-13 cm x 0.4cm 2-5 cm x 0.1-0.2cm W/ a long pointed tail |
E. vermicularis |
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Graham’s scotch adhesive tape Aka? |
Perianal cellulose tape swab |
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Drug of choice for E. vermicularis |
Pyrantel pamoate |
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Albendazole and mebendazole contraindications |
Pregnancy and hypersensitivity |
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Cure may be considered if there are how many negative perianal smears |
7 |
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Enterobius vermicularis is classified as what according to the arrangement of somatic muscles |
Meromyarian |
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T. trichuria is classified as what according to somatic arrangement of muscles |
Holomyarian |
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Class that doesn’t have phasmids nor excretory system |
Adenophorea (T. trichiura) |
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Adult worms of T. saginata inhabits the? |
Jejunum |
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T. saginata size and no. Of proglottids |
4-10 (some 25) 1000-4000 proglottids |
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Wuchereria size |
Female: 8-10cm Male: 2-4cm |
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Filarial worms are found tightly encoiled in nodular dilatations where? |
Lymph vessels and lymph sinuses |
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Microfilaria size |
270-290 |
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Which is longer, the sheath or the microfilaria itself? |
Hyaline sheath |
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Characteristic of the microfilaria’s central axis |
Dark staining nuclei in 2-3 rows |
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Brugia malayi length |
Female: 4.3-5.5mm Male: 1.3-2.3m |
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Vectors of wuchereria bancrofti |
Genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles |
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Vectors of B. malayi |
Belong to genus Mansonia |
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The only natural definitive host of W. bancrofi |
Man |
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Adult worms of filarial worms are coiled in nodular dilatations of the lymphatic vessels, most frequently in the? |
Cortex of lymph nodes and testicular tissues |
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In filariasis, w/c is more effected children or adults? Males or females? |
Adults Females - high Ab (+) to adult worm Ag |
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In Bicol region, which is more frequently encountered? |
Hydrocoele |
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Which malarial vector is also a vector for Bancroftian filariasis |
Anopheles minimus var flavirostris |
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Most widespread lymphatic filarial parasite |
W. bancrofti |
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In rural areas like in africa, W. bancrofti is transmitted by? |
Anopheles mosquito |
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In urban areas, vector for Bancroftian filariasis is mostly? |
Culex |
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Palawan, sulu, mt. Prvince vector for filariasis |
Aedes poecilus |
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Reservoir host for Malayan filariasis |
Cats |
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The best known anti-ectoparasitic medication Employed in 1% conc in a cream, lotion or shampoo |
Lindane |
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This is not used for pregnant women and infants bec of neurotoxic effects Lotion should not be applied immediately after bathing and she be kept away from any bodily openings |
Lindane |
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Slightly more effective in scabicide than Lindane but is MORE EXPENSIVE Better alternative for infants Poorly absorbed, rapidly metabolized by tissue esterases, very low toxicity |
Permethrin 5% cream |
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Alt therapy for infants > than 2 months, pregnant and nursing women Applied nightly for 3 nights from neck to toes |
6-10% precipitated sulfur |
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This treatment for scabies is messy, malodrous, stains clothing and commonly causes irritant dermatitis |
6-10% precipitated sulfur |
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Not recommended bec it lacka efficacy Applied for 5 successive nights and washed after 24 hrs. |
Crotamiton (N ethyl o crotonotoluidide, Eurax) |
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This insecticide has antipruriti properties as well |
Crotamiton (N ethyl o crotonotoluidide, Eurax) |
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Untoward effects include occassional irritation especially on inflamed skin or when applied over a long period of time |
Crotamiton (N ethyl o crotonotoluidide, Eurax) |
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Oral antihistamine |
Piperidines Piperazine |
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Oral antihistamines |
Piperidines Piperazine |
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supress the itchiness caused by the release of histamine |
H1 antagonists e.g. Piperidines w/c includes Terfenadine(Seldane), Astemizole(Hismanal), Loratidine(Claritin) |
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Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract and metabolized in the liver to active metabolites by the hepatic microsomal P450 system |
Piperidines |
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Active metabolite of hydroxyzine and acrivastine. Also well absorbed from the GI tract but primarily excreted renally in the UNMETABOLIZED form. |
Piperazine |
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Topical antipruritics |
Topical Glucocorticoids Topical antihistamines |
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May alleviate pruritus caused by the hypersensitivity to mite Ag w/c bay persist for a no. of days |
Glucocorticoids |
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The isolated mite dies within how many days |
2-3 days |
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First sign of scabies infestation |
1-2 mm red papules |
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How long is the latent period of scabies which follows an initial infestation |
1 month |
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The burrow of scabies |
Serpiginious, a few mm long, with a black dot visible on ONE END |
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Etiologic agent of Scabies |
Sarcoptes scabies var hominis |
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Size of adult Sarcoptes scabies var. hominis |
0.3-0.4mm |
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Female adult Sarcoptes scabies var. hominis size and structure |
0.4mm in size 4 sets of legs Has a hemispheric body marked by transverse conjugation Brown spines and a bristle on the dorsal surface |
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The rate of female mites layin their eggs |
1-3/day |
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Larva hatches how many days before leaving the burrow |
3-5 days |
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Nymph molts in (Sarcoptes scabies) |
4-6 months |
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Maturity of the nymph (sarcoptes scabies) achieved in |
2-3 weeks |
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Female nematode which contains the vulva on the anterior part of the adult worm |
N americanus Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Female nematode which contains a vulva on the posterior side |
A duodenale |
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Rhabditiform larvae in hookworms molts in how many days? |
1-2 days |
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Rhabditiform larvae molts how many times to become filariform |
Molts 2 times |
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Rhabditiform larvae molts how many times to become filariform |
Molts 2 times |
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At which molt does each larva develop a temporary buccal capsule? |
3rd molt |
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At what day will the larva of hookworms molt for the 4th time |
13th day |
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Larva of hookworms will becone sexually mature after how many weeks post penetration? |
5-6 weeks |
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T. trichiura larva will reach maturity for how many days/months? |
30-90 days/ 1-3 months |
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Eggs of ascaris lumbricoides will mature at how many months |
3 months |
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4 essential factors for the spread of hookworm |
1. Shaded, sandy, loamy soil 2. Rainfall of 75-125cm during warm months 3. Contamination of soil by egg containing feces 4. Human contact w/ the soil |
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Filariform larvae will inhabit how man cm in soil? |
Upper 10cm usually remaining within 50cm from the initial site of oviposition |
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Aside from the bloodstream, where does the larvae of hookworms invade? |
Skeletal muscles due to dormancy caused by preganancy |
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Blood loss due to A. duodenale is how many times larger than Necator |
10 |
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Iron deficiency anemia when more than.. |
75 necator 10 ancylostoma are present |
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Larvae of cutaneous larva migrans fail to pass what particular layer of the skin? |
Stratum germinativum |
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Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans |
10% suspension of thiobendasole For light infections - chilling the lesion with ETHYL CHLORIDE |
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Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans |
10% suspension of thiobendasole For light infections - chilling the lesion with ETHYL CHLORIDE |
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Private practitioner should be concerned with? |
Curative aspect (of the complications) and eradication of the parasite |
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But the medical resource has the responsibility to act as? |
Medical resource- dx and treatment Educator- teaches the transmission and prevention Social mobilizer/leader- request sanitary inspector and advise proper waste disposal |
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Of the 100s of derivatives tested, those most therapeutically useful have mods at what positions of the benzimadole ring system |
2 and/or 5 positions |
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Newer benzimidazole |
Albendazole |
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Prototype benzimidazole |
Mebendazole |
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Thiabendazole contains a thiazole ring at what position |
Position 2 |
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Highly effective againstt hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans (oral not tropical) |
Albendazole |
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Primary action of benzimidazole |
Inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to b-tubulin |
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In the philippines, which tapeworm infection is more common |
T. saginata |
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Surveys of animal intermediate hosts however showed that |
Pigs are infected more than the cow |
