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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When was there a bedbug explosion in NYC?
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2005
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Bedbug
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Describe the classical presentation of a bedbug wound
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The wounds are paired. The bedbugs feed at night, move over a few cm, and feed again.
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Where do bedbugs live?
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They hide in the bed, under the mattress, in the cracked wood of bedframes, behind loose plaster in the walls
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What infectious disease do bedbugs carry?
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None
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Describe the result of a bedbug bite
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A hemorrhagic, itchy lesion that is not life threatening
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Bed bug bite
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Bed bug bite
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When was the west nile virus introduced to NYC?
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1999
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What transmits West Nile Virus?
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Mosquitoes
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Describe the transmission cycle of West Nile Virus
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The disease is transmitted between bird reservoir hosts and the mosquito vector
Humans and horses can be infected by the mosquito |
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Describe the larvae of the WNV mosquito
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-The mosquito likes to feed on people
-It can reproduce in polluted water -Any standing water is a good breeding ground |
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Describe the spread of WNV
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-Introduced to NYC in 1999
-Covered eastern states by 2001 -Covered entire continental US by 2006 |
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What diseases do ticks transmit?
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Lyme
Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis RMSF Tick paralysis - ascending paralysis that is relieved almost as soon at the tick is removed Red Water Fever Secondary infections |
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What animal is responsible for the presence of ticks?
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White tailed deer
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What animal is responsible for the presence of tick borne parasites?
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White footed mouse
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How is too many deer a public health threat?
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-Amplifying host vector tick
-Destroying forests -Up to 500,000 deer car accidents -200+ deaths -$1+ billion in damages |
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What transmits lyme disease? How big is it?
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Nymph tick
The size of a freckle |
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Adult and nymph tick
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Burrowing tick
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Bullseye rash of lyme disease
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Bullseye rash of Lyme disease
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Eastern Dog Tick
The vector for RMSF |
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Describe the life of the Eastern Dog Tick
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Every morning the tick climbs up a blade of grass and sits there and waits. At night if she hasntfound anything she crawls down and waits. The tick can continue this for ~3 years. The tick eventually gets to the host, takes a blood meal, mates, lays eggs, and dies.
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What are the vectors for RMSF
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Eastern Dog Tick
American Dog Tick Rocky Mountain Wood Tick |
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Short mouthparts of a Eastern Dog Tick
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Black legged tick
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Long mouth piece of black legged tick
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Scabies
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Scabies with its 4 pairs of legs
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Describe a scabies infection
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The female burrows and the male follows her
They mate and the female lays her eggs in the tunnel They are found almost exclusively in the webs of the fingers and toes An immunocompetent person has up to 50 scabies at one time |
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Typical scabies lesion on the finger
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Rash on the torso as a result of scabies in the periphery
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-Norwegian scabies
-Occurs in immunocompromised individuals -Uncontrolled scabies population -Treat with ivermectum |
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Scabies infection of the foot
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What are the types of lice that can be found on the human body?
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Head lice - Lives on the head at all times
Body lice - Live in clothes, go onto person to feed then return to clothes Crab lice - It occurs on pubic hairs and sometimes on eyebrows and eyelashes. |
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What diseases do lice transmit?
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Body lice transmit epidemic typhus
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What is the life cycle of the head louse?
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Eggs in the hair hatch
Nymphs emerge Nymphs grow to Adult Adult lays eggs |
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Lice holding onto a hair of the head
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Lice egg attached to hair shaft
There is a larvae inside |
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Lice bites on the back of someones neck
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Lice bites on the back of the neck. Each biteelicits an immunologic response to the saliva that the louse is injecting into the skin.
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Lice bites
There is so much of a reaction that there is an exudate on the back of the neck and the hair is all stuck and matted together. This is called plica polonica. This has been a problem in Eastern Europe. You can treat head lice with many different types of OTC drugs. Ivermectum also works on these creatures. |
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Crab louse
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Crab louse eggs
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Describe bubonic plague
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-Flea borne disease
-Before an epidemic a bunch of rats die -Bacteria are located in fleas gut tract -Prevent flea from feeding -Flea tries to feed but regurgitates bacteria into you |
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Oriental rat flea
Vector for bubonic plague |
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Flea bites
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Describe the life cycle of the flea
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-The adult lays eggs, which fall into the nest of the dog or a raccoon.
-You get larva which look like maggots and then you get pupa. -One of the characteristics of pupa is that it can lay there for up to a year. -If you have a dog with a lot of fleas, which lay a lot of eggs, and you go away. -The eggs can hatch and the larva can feed on the debris in the nest. The pupa form and they wait to the next spring. -They sense the vibrations of the person walking around, they hatch and you have a lot of very hungry fleas waiting to hop on someone. |
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Describe fire ant bites/stings
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They tend to grab with their pinchers and then rotate in a circle stinging multiple times
Each time it injects a very potent toxin |
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Fire ant blisters
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Healing fire ant blisters
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What bee stings the most?
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Yellow jacket
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Bee barb
Bee disembowels itself after a sting |
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Hornet sting
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Developing maggot from tumbu fly
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Spots from tumbu fly
Each one is a developing maggot |
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How do you treat tumbu fly maggots?
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Squeeze them out
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Human bot fly
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How do botflies cause infection?
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-They grab little flies
-Put eggs on little fly/mosquito's abdomen -Little fly lands on person -Eggs immediately hatch and burrow in -Tend to grow on legs and back |
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How do you treat botfly infection?
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Surgical removal
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Describe maggot therapy
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-Maggots are used to prevent gangrene
-Special maggots are bred that only eat dead, decaying flesh |
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Maggots
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What determines seriousness of scorpion sting?
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Size
The smaller the scorpion the more lethal the sting |
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Where do black widow spiders live?
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Outhouses
Wood piles |
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Black widow spider
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Black widow spider bite
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Brown recluse spider
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Result of the bite of a brown recluse on the finger
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What is the other name for the brown recluse?
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The violin spider because it has a violin on its back
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