Parasitology 04: Nematodes

Front 1

___% of the world is infected with the nematode ___

Back 1

25
ascaris lumbricoides

Front 2

a. lumbricoides eggs are ___ and are notable for ___

Back 2

bumpy
resistance to environmental stress

Front 3

a. lumbricoides eggs can survive for ___ years in soil

Back 3

3--5

Front 4

a. lumbricoides life cycle (6)

Back 4

females in human intestine release eggs
eggs in feces are eaten
in human intestine, juveniles hatch from eggs
juveniles go through epithelium into bloodstream to lungs
juveniles are coughed up and swallowed
they mature into adults into intestine

Front 5

a. lumbricoides symtoms (4)

Back 5

dyspnea
abdominal pain
abdominal distension
anorexia

Front 6

a. lumbricoides are sensitive to ___ and will leave host if they're present

Back 6

anesthetics

Front 7

a. lumbricoides drugs

Back 7

benzimidazole
piperazine
pyrantel pamoate

Front 8

a. lumbricoides feed on ___

Back 8

bacteria

Front 9

Enterobius vermicularis is aka (2)
E. vermicularis is endemic to ___

Back 9

pinworm
threadworm
worldwide

Front 10

E. vermicularis eggs contain ___ visible under LM

Back 10

infective larva

Front 11

E. vermicularis life cycle (5)

Back 11

females in human intestine crawl to anus
they lay eggs on perianal skin
eggs are spread in environment
humans eat eggs
eggs hatch in intestine

Front 12

symptoms worsen at ___ due to ___

Back 12

night
crawling of female

Front 13

T/F: most infections cause severe symtoms

Back 13

false: most are light or asymptomatic

Front 14

e. vermicularis drugs

Back 14

mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate

Front 15

Trichinella spiralis is associated with ___

Back 15

eating undercooked meat or pork

Front 16

male T. spiralis dies after ___

Back 16

copulation

Front 17

T. spiralis life cycle (4)

Back 17

1. females in intestine produce living juveniles
2. juveniles leave intestine and penetrate muscle tissue
3. humans eat muscle
4. muscle is digested and juveniles mature into adults in intestine

Front 18

intestinal symptoms of T. spiralis (4)

Back 18

nausea
vomiting
pain
diarrhea

Front 19

circulatory symptoms of T. sprialis (5)

Back 19

edema
periorbital conjunctivitis
photophobia
FCHM
eosinophilia

Front 20

myocardial symptoms of T. spiralis

Back 20

chest pain
tachycardia
thrombosis

Front 21

brain symptoms of T. spiralis (5)

Back 21

headache
vertigo
deafness
apathy
coma

Front 22

progression of T. spiralis symptoms

Back 22

GIT
circulatory
myocardial
brain

Front 23

diagnostic signs for T. spiralis (4)

Back 23

eosinophilia
elevated CPK
elevated LD
serology

Front 24

T. spiralis drugs (2)

Back 24

for adult: any nematocide
for L1: benzimidazole

Front 25

Filariasis is caused by ___ (3). in severe cases it causes ___

Back 25

Wucheria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
elephantiasis

Front 26

Filariasis life cycle (6)

Back 26

1. in lymphatics, adults produce microfilariae
2. microfilariae migrate to blood at night
3. mosquito ingests microfilariae by biting human
4. microfilariae mature to larvae in mosquito
5. mosquito injects larvae when it bites a person
6. larvae mature to adults in lymphatics

Front 27

to diagnose W. bancrofti, you need to take blood sample at ___

Back 27

night

Front 28

stages of filariasis (4)

Back 28

asymptomatic incubation
acute stage
recovery
reinfection

Front 29

acute stage of filariasis is characterized by (6)

Back 29

edema
pain
weakness
headache
insomnia
no fever

Front 30

filariasis drugs

Back 30

diethylcarbamazine
ivermectine

Front 31

filariasis drugs drugs can cause a worsening of the patient's condition by ___. to prevent this, give ___

Back 31

releasing LPS from Wolbachia, a gram negative bacterium which infects filarial worms
tetracycline

Front 32

Dracunculus medinensis life cycle (7)

Back 32

1. females in foot create blister so foot is inserted into water
2. blister breaks releasing juveniles
3. juveniles eaten by copepod (IH)
4. humans drink water with copepods and juveniles
5. juveniles exit intestinal tract and go to subcutaneous tissue
6. juveniles mature and mate
7. females go to feet

Front 33

Onchocerca volvulus causes ___ aka ___

Back 33

river blindness
onchocerciasis

Front 34

onchocerciasis is endemic to ___ (2)

Back 34

subsaharan africa
central america

Front 35

onchocerca life cycle (5)

Back 35

1. females in subcutaneous nodules release microfilariae
2. microfilariae are ingested by black fly (IH) when it bites
3. microfilariae mature into juveniles
4. black fly injects juveniles into human
5. juveniles make subcutaneous nodules and mature into adults

Front 36

T/F flies transmitting onchocerca need polluted water

Back 36

false: need clean water

Front 37

nodules of onchocerciasis consist of ___ and contain

Back 37

collagen
several worms

Front 38

onchocerciasis is associated with ___ and in severe cases ___

Back 38

dermatitis
corneal invasion by microfilariae

Front 39

onchocerca drugs: ___ kills adults but is nephrotoxic. ___ is a microfilaricid but is dangerous for pregnant women

Back 39

suramin
ivermectin

Front 40

Loa loa is aka

Back 40

eye worm

Front 41

loa loa is endemic to

Back 41

south western coast of Africa

Front 42

Loa loa life cycle is identical to ___, except ___ (2)

Back 42

filariasis
IH is deerfly
larvae home to subcutaneous tissue

Front 43

the characteristic lesion in loa loa is ___, created by ___

Back 43

calabar swelling
migration of adults through subcutaneous tissue

Front 44

loa loa drugs

Back 44

diethyl carbamazine
ivermectine

Front 45

Trichuris trichuria life cycle (4)

Back 45

1. adults in cecum release eggs into feces
2. human eats eggs in feces
3. eggs hatch in small intestine
4. larvae mature in cecum

Front 46

t. trichuria drugs

Back 46

mebendazole

Front 47

strongyloides stercoralis parasitic life cycle (6)

Back 47

1. females in intestine release eggs which hatch while in intestine
2. juveniles released in feces
3. juveniles molt, becoming filarial larvae
4. filarial larvae penetrate skin of human and home to lung
5. larvae get coughed up and swallowed
6. larvae mature in GIT

Front 48

strongyloides stercoralis free-living life cycle (2)

Back 48

1. juveniles mature into rhabditiform larvae
2. larvae mature into adults and mate

Front 49

s. stercoralis cutaneous symptoms (2)

Back 49

itching
red blotches

Front 50

s. stercoralis pulmonary symptoms

Back 50

verminous pneumonia

Front 51

s. stercoralis GI symptoms (4)

Back 51

pain
nausesa
diarrhea
dysentery

Front 52

in ___ (2) s. stercoralis infection is particularly severe and is fatal without rapid treatment

Back 52

infants
immunosuppressed

Front 53

s. stercoralis drugs

Back 53

thiabendazole
ivermectin