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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Entamoeba histolytica
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amoeba
looks like the non-pathogenic E.dispar. except the trophozoites: only the E. histolytica have RBC ingestion by the mobile trophozoite; ingestion of cyst --> excystation --> trophozoite multiplication --> dysentery / ulcers --> invasion --> CNS/LUNG/LIVER (fever, RUQ pain --> CT with liver abscess) serology Metronidazole + Diodoquinol |
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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flagellate
chagas; Kissing bug/reduviid Reduviid bites --> trypomastigote --> amastigote multiply in Macrophages and muscle cells --> Reduviid bud bites again and takes in some new trypomastigotes --> develop to metacyclic trypomastigotes --> bite human ... 1) Chagoma (~Chancre) 2) Acute phase (~2 syphilis) fever but mostly asymptomatic 3) latent for years 4) chronic (~3 syphilis) Cardiomyopathy, GI: Megaesophagus, Megacolon, immunosuppressed: cutaneous/CNS serology, blood smear Nifurtimox & benznidazole |
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiensi
Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiensis |
African Sleeping Sickness
flagellate Tsetse fly - subsaharan africa Tsetse fly blood meal --> parasitemia --> chronic fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, ---> later CNS involvement with lethargy/HA/confusion --> tsetse fly blood meal #2 --> metacyclic trypamastigote blood smear, lymph node biopsy Eflurnithine, Suramin, Pentamidine arsenicals |
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Leishmania
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sandfly --> macrophages with amastigotes (like trypanosoma cruzi) --> sandfly meal #2 --> promastigotes ...
L. tropica = Old world cutaneous Leishmaniasis L. mexicana = New world cutaneous L.brasiliensis = New world cutaneous and mucocutaneous L.donovani=visceral - fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, aspirate the amastigotes pentavalent antimonials Sb liposomal amphotericin for visceral |
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Giardia
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water borne,
ingestion of cyst -->trophozoite with 2 nuclei mountain water, camping travellers, day care, MSM get watery/bulky foul smelling diarrhea after nausea/malaise stool sample tinidazole/nitazoxanide/metronidazole pregnant: paromomycin |
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trichonomas
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trichomonas vaginalis
trophozoite only, sexual spread, vagnitis and rarely non-gonococcal urethritis, also in men Tx;metroidazole (GET On metro) |
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plasmodium falciparum
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sporozoite --> mosquito --> liver cell --> schizont --> meromastigote --> RBC --> schizont --> gametocytes or trophozyte ---> mosquito blood mean #2 gets the fresh gametes and forms sporozoite
hemolytic anemia, cerebral malaria, renal failure, pulmonary failure, hypoglycemia, |
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toxoplasmosis
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sporozoan
coccidia HIV/AIDS circumscibed brain abscess transplacental transmission, cat as host, humans eat the oocyst of cat or from uncooked meat; Acute: asymptomatic, mononucleosis type, congenital: 10% of infected infants are symptomatic at birth, manifestations are CNS and systemic serology self limited in nl hosts, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for AIDS pt; spiramycin for 1st trimester |
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cryptosporidium
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eat the sporozoite filled oocyst --> invasion of the epithelial cells --> progression to trophozoite --> schizont --> merozoites come out --> further infection
day care, household contacts, travelers, AIDS acute diarrhea = 14d self-limited copious watery chronic diarrhea = AIDS also biliary involvement stool exam, serology nitazoxanide, paromomycin, azithromycin, surgery for biliary |
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Isospora/Cyclospora
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GI protozoan, related to crypto - also acid fast,
isocyclo is the biggst (25-30) and also causes eosinophilia cyclospora - 8-1omicrons raspberries, persistent diarrhea with constitutional sx TMP/SMX |
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Acanthamoeba
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Acanthamoeba spp can cause severe keratitis in healthy individuals, especially contact lens users
Acanthamoeba spp and Balamuthia mandrillaris: opportunistic amebae that can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised individuals |
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Trichimoniasis
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Most common protozoan pathogen in developed countries
Incubation 5 – 28 days Most common manifestation is vaginitis with purulent discharge Associated abdominal pain, dysuria and dyspareunia Vulvar and cervical lesions male: Frequently asymptomatic Occasionally, urethritis, epididymitis, and prostatitis. Metronidazole 2g po once or 500mg BID x 7 days Tinidazole |
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Watery diarrhea (malabsorption)
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Watery diarrhea (malabsorption)
Giardia lamblia Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora cayetanensis Isospora belli Microsporidium spp |
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Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
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Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
Entamoeba histolytica Balantidium coli Trichuris trichiura Shistosoma spp Stronglyloides |
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giardia
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cyst is infective!!
large volume bulky foul smelling stool, Incubation 1 – 14 days (avg 7) Spectrum from asymptomatic carriage to severe diarrhea and malabsorption Usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting Chronic giardiasis: the symptoms are recurrent and malabsorption and debilitation may occur. |
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whats infectious with cryptosporidium?
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oocyst
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infectious for cyclo? iso?
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oocyst
iso is football-shaped and huge 25-30 both resist chlorination - also giardia |
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microsporum
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opportunistic
ocular disseminated enterocytozooan bieneusi encephalocytozoon intestinalis (diarrhea, GU.. ) spores!! ocular: albendazole or topical fumagilin E. bieneusi - fumagilin E. intesitinalis - albendazole disseminated: albendazole |
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Tachyzoites (trophozoites) of T. gondii are approximately 4-8 µm long by 2-3 µm wide,
and then cyst -- stay there for years undercooked meat transplacentally cat feces - sand box immuno competient asymptomatic IC - CNS dz - AIDS get encephalitis, Intracerebral mass lesions - if IgG+ they can get recurrent brain infx congenital toxo retinochoroiditis, encephalopathy, later in life has a problem pyrimethamine sulfonamide spiramycin |
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plasmodium falciparum ... # of fevers
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tertian - every second day -
P. malaria= quartan - every 3rd day |
