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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a free-living amaoeba that causes accidental human infection?
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Naegleria fowleri
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What dx does Naegleria fowleria?
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rapidly progresive, fatal meningoencephalitis
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What is life cycle of N. fowleri?
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cysts grow in fresh water, develop into trophs and then flagellated form (both are infectious), enter human through cribiform plate and replicate in brain
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How is N. fowleri diagnosed?
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ameobas in CSF
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What is a highly parasitic amoeba found world-wide?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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What causes amebiasis and describe
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E. histolytica, bld diarrhea, liver and brain abcesses, toxic megacolon
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What is life cycle of E. histolytica?
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cysts ingested from enviro or fecal-oral, humans definative host, excysts in upper GI to form troph that dies when shed, can incyst when GI conditions unfavorable
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How is E. histolytica diagnosed?
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trophs/cysts in stool, RBCs in amoeba cytoplasm
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What is a ciliated intestinal parasite that causes diarrhea w/ pigs as reservoir?
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Balantidium coli
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Describe Toxoplasma gondii and tmisson
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protozoa/sporozoite; undercooked meat, cat fecal-oral, cross placenta
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Describe life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii
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oocysts ingested -> tachyzoites enter circ -> dormant cysts remain in tissue; same cycle in cats except sexual cycle making cats definitive hosts, intermediate hosts essential in cat getting inf -> infectious oocysts released
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Describe congenital toxoplasmosis
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hydrocephalis, intracranial Ca++, chorioretinitis, deafness, visual impairment, learning disabilities
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Describe toxoplasmosis in immune competent
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asymptomatic or mono-like
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Describe toxoplasmosis in immune suppressed
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encephalitis
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What is flagellated sporozoite tmitted by ticks and replicates in RBCs?
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Babesia
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Describe babesiosis
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fever, malaise, hemolytic anemia, renal failure
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What is flagellated protozoa w/ dogs being rural reservoir ad humans in urban areas?
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Leishmania
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Describe life cycle of Leishmania
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sandfly injects promastigote, phag by M0 and tform into promastigote, grow in M0, cell dies and releases parasite, sandfly becomes infected and parasite tforms into promastigote
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What casues and describe visceral leishmaniasis
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L. donovani; fever, prostration, hepatosplm, weight loss, anemia, ascites causing liver failure, high mortality
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What causes and describe mucocut Leishmaniasis
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L. braziliensis and peruviana; lesion at bite site leading to destruction of mucous mem
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What causes and describe cutaneous leishmaniasis
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L. tropica and mexicana; papule at bit site progressing to ulcer and scar
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What parasite is concern for military?
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Leishmania
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What is intestinal parasite that is tmitted by cysts in water causing diarrhea and malabsorption?
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Giardia lamblia
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What parasite causes genital infection?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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What is a bld parasite that casues African sleeping sickness and tmitted by tsetse fly?
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Trypanosoma brucei
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What is the blood fluke/trematode?
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Shistosoma
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Describe life cycle of Shistosoma
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in snail sporocyst develops followed by cercaria that is released and burrows through skin, develop into male/female, eggs released in vessels creating granulomas and in urine and stool causing fecal contamination of water -> mircadium enter snail
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What shistosome enters vessels of bladder causes release of eggs in urine?
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S. haematobium w/ egg spines on tip
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What shistosome enters venous plexus of intestine causing relese of eggs in stool?
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S. mansoni w/ egg spines on the side
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What is 2nd most important parasite?
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Shistosoma
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Describe shistosomiasis
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allergic dermatitis, Katayama fever - fever, abd pain, urticarial rash; chronic illness due to granuloma
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What is pork tapeworm w/ worldwide distribution?
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Taenia solium
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Describe neurocysticercosis
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eggs ingested and mature into oncospheres that migrate through intestines and encyst in CNS causing seizures, hydrocephalis, n damage, visual impairment (no adult form attaching to intestines)
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Describe life cycle of Taenia solium
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egg/gravid proglottid ingested by human/pig, oncospheres hatch, penetrate intestines, circ, cysticerci larvae develop, scolex attaches to intestines, proglottids shed
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