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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Erratic/Aberrant Parasite
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wandering from usual locatin/organ to another where it does not usually live
(HW - eye) |
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Incidental parasite
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occurs in host in which it does not normally live
(hookworm - SC in children) |
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Facultative parasite
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free-living organism in nature that becomes a parasite in certain hosts
(lice) |
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Obligatory parasite
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must lead a parasitic life. not capable of free-living existence (HW)
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Periodic parasite
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does not have to necessarily live on or within host. (mosquito, tick)
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Intermediate host
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Harbors larval, juvenile, or immature forms. May be more than one in the life cycle. Transfers parasite from one host to another. Parasite changes and develops in this host.
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Transport / Paranteric host
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Intermediate host. No change develops, but remains arrested/encysted. Once in definitive host, larvae "wake up"
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Groups of parasites (6)
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Platyhelmniths
Nematodes Acanthocephalins Annelids Arthropods Protozoans |
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Annelids
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leeches
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Arthropods
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insects, mites, ticks, spiders
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Platyhelminths
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flattened
Trematodes & Flukes |
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Nematodes
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roundworms, largest group
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Acanthocephalins
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thorny-headed worms
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Protozoans
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unicellular organisms
Toxoplasmosis, giardia, coccidiosis |
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Trophozoite
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motile form of protozoan
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Cyst
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non-motile form
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Mastigophora
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flagellated protozoans
giardia, leishmania, tritrichomonas foetus |
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Giardia - source
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contaminated water
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Giardia - diagnosis
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motile trophozoites in saline
immunodiagnostic tests |
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Giardia - treatment
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Metronidazole x 5 days
Panacur |
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Leishmania sp.
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blood protozoan
transmitted by sandflies diagnose with biopsy |
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Tritrichomonas foetus
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spontaneous abortion in cattle
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Sarcodina
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Protozoa subphylum
Amoebas |
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Entamoeba histolytica
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produces amebic dysentry
primates motile forms in direct smear or fecal float |
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Ciliophora
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Protozoa subphylum
Balantidium coli Ichthyophthirium multifiliis |
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Balantidium coli
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diarrhea in dogs, in cecum & colon. more common in swine
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Ichthyophthirium multifiliis
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Ich. May be visible to naked eye under epidermis of fish. Waterborne, difficult to treat
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Apicomplexans
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protozoa phylum - largest group
Isospora, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Babesia, Sarcocystis |
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Isospora canis/felis
common name |
coccidia
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Isospora sp. prepatent period
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7-14 days
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Isospora spp, coccidia
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Name
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Ancyclostoma caninum, hookworm
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Name
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Toxocara canis, roundworm
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Name
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Trichuris vulpis, whipworm
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Name
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Arthropods type of skeleton
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chitonous exoskeleton
drugs effect chitin |
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Arthropods body cavity
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hemocoel, filled with hemolymph
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Arthropods circulatory system
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primitive w/ primitive tube
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Arhropods respiratory system
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variaty: gills, book lungs, tracheal tubes
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Major SubPhylums of Arthropods
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Mandibulata
Chelicarata |
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Mandibulata - 3 classes
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Crustacea
Myriopoda Insecta |
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Class Crustacea
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aquatic arthropods
usually intermediate hosts casual agents on fish |
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Class Myriopoda
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centipedes, millipeds
toxin producing |
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Class Insecta - anatomy
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Head: brain, mouthparts, antennae +/- eyes
Thorax: 3 pairs of legs, +/- wings Abdomen: reproductive organs |
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Insecta life stages
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Simple: egg, nymph, adult
Complex: egg, larvae, pupa, adult |
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Dictoptera
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cockroaches, vector for salmonella
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Coleoptera
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beetles, intermediate hosts for Spirocerca lupi, a nematode that produces esophageal nodules
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Hemiptera
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bugs
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Reduvid bugs
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kissing bugs
intermediate host for protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi suck blood from host and defecate |
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Bed bugs
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Cimex lectularius
periodic blood meals Problems in rabbits, poultry, people |
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Chewing Lice
name and characteristics |
Mallophaga
smaller, yellow, large head |
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Sucking Lice
name and characteristics |
Anoplura
bigger, red to gray, smaller head |
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Lice anatomy
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flattened dorsoventrally, wingless, 3 body sections
legs on thorax for holding on |
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Order Diptera
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two-winged flies
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Myiasis
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flies develop in SQ tissue or internal organs
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Flea - order & scientific name
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Siphonaptera
Ctenocephalides felis |
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Pentastomes
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reptile parasites
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Canine pentastome
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Linguatula serrata
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Soft ticks
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Argasid
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Hard ticks
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Ixodid
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Mites and Ticks
subphylum, class |
Chelicerata, Acarina
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Acarina anatomy
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not insects
two-part body: capitulum (mouth) idiosome (abdomen) mouthparts suck blood to attach |
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Acarina reproduction
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no metamorphosis
egg, larva, nymph, adult |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tick
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Dermacentor andersoni
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Benzimidazoles - names
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Thiabendazole (Equizole/TBA)
Febendazole (Panacur) Albendazole Mebendazole (Telmintic) Oxibendazole (Anthelcide EQ) |
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Benzimadozole uses
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Dogs: R,H,W, Taenia
Cattle/Sheep: Ascarids, liver flukes, tapeworms, lungworms Exotics |
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Benzimadozole adverse effects
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V/D, hepatotoxicity
not for cats |
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Organophosphate names
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Trichlorfon (Combot)
Coumaphos (Baymix) Haloxon Dichlorvos (Task) |
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Organosphosphate uses
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systemic against bots in large animals
used little in D & C |
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Organophosphate adverse effects
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V/D, tremors, hypersalivation, miosis, bad for environment
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Organophosphate antidote
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Anthicholinergics (Atropine)
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Tetrahydropyrimidines names
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Pyrantel pamoate (Nemex, Strongid)
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Tetrahydropyrimidines use
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D&C: roundworms & hookworms
Domestic: ascarids, strongyl, pinworms very safe |
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Imidazothiazoles names
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Febantel
Levamisole |
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Imidazothiazoles uses
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D&C: roundworm, hookworm, whipworm
Domestic: Strongyl, lungworms |
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Avermectins names
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Ivermectic (Heartguard, Ivomec)
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Avermectin uses
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Dogs: roundworm, hookworm, HW larvacide (preventative), sarcoptes, ear mites
Domestic: numerous species (bots, lice) Birds/Snakes: some parasites |
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Praziquantel use
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anticestodal
taenia, dyplidium, echinococcus |
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Coccidia drugs
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Amprolium
Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) |
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Giardia drugs
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Metronidazole
Panacur (Febendazole) |
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Spirocerca lupi
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nematode that produces esophageal nodules
beetles intermediate hosts |
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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kissing bugs intermediate host
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