Parasites

Front 1

Patient recently went hiking, drank the water and now has diarrhea. What is the consistency of his diarrhea probably and what caused this? How do you Dx?

If this happens recurrently, what is he probably lacking?

Back 1

Hiking water - giardia - fatty diarrhea can Dx via cysts in stools

Hint 1

Recurrent giardiasis is related to deficient IgA (mucosal surface)

Front 2

Patient has blood diarrhea and liver abscesses. If there are cysts in his stool, what caused this and what type of cysts are seen?

Back 2

Blood diarrhea, liver abscess and cysts in stool = entamoeba histolytica - flask-shaped ulcers in submucosa

Front 3

What protozoa causes massive diarrhea in AIDS patients?

Back 3

AIDS diarrhea protozoa = cryptosporidium

Front 4

Chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications

How do you Tx?

Back 4

Classic triad for congenital toxoplasmosis:
Chorioretinits
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

Hint 4

Tx toxoplasmis: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Front 5

What disease is carried by the Tsetse fly? How do you treat this?

Back 5

Tsetse fly:
Trypanosoma gambiense or T. rhodesiense: African sleeping sickness

Tx. Suramin (bloodborne) or Melarsoprol (CNS)

Front 6

If you're bitten by a Reduviid bug, what are you likely to suffer? Sx? Tx? Where are you?

Back 6

Reduviid bug in S. America transmits Chagas' Dz: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon or megaesophagus.

Tx with Nifurtimox

Front 7

What dz does the sandfly spread? How is this Dx?

Back 7

Sandfly - Leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

Dx: macrophages containing amastigotes

Front 8

What are the diff types of malaria and which are worse?

How is malaria Tx?

Back 8

Malaria:
Plasmodium vivax / ovale: cyclic fever every other day and a dormant liver infection treated with primaquine

P falciparum: more severe, daily cycles, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys, lungs

Hint 8

Tx malaria: Begin with chloroquine and if resistant give fluroquine

Primoquine for dormant infections associated with vivax/ ovale

Front 9

Ioxedes tick?

Back 9

Ioxedes tick: Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme dz) and babesiosis

Babesiosis: fever, hemolytic anemia (maltese cross in RBC) Tx: quinine or clindamycin

Front 10

What are hook worms and what can they lead to?

Back 10

Hookworms - Necator americanus - penetrate feet and lead to intestinal infection that can cause anemia

Front 11

+ Scotch tape test?

Back 11

Scotch tape test is used to Dx Enterobius vernicularis (pinworm) that causes intestinal infection and anal pruritis

Front 12

Blackflies --> black skin nodules and "black" sight?

Back 12

Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by female blackflies causes hyperpigmented skin and river blindness. Tx is Ivermectin

IVERmectin for RIVEr blindness

Front 13

Neurocysticercosis?

Back 13

Neurocysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium when humans are acting as intermediate host and Tx by praziquantel

Front 14

Parasite quick hints:

1. Liver cysts

2. B12 def

Back 14

Liver cysts = Echinococcus granulosus

B12 def = Diphyllobothrium latum

Front 15

Parasite quick hints:

1. Portal HTN

2. Hematuria, bladder cancer

Back 15

Portal HTN = Schistosoma mansoni

Hematuria, bladder cancer = Schistosoma haematobium

Front 16

Parasite quick hints:

1. Biliary tract dz or cholangiosarcoma

2. Hemoptysis

Back 16

Biliary tract dz, cholangiosarcoma = Clonorchis sinensis

Hemoptysis = Paragonimus westermani

Front 17

Parasite quick hints:

1. Microcytic anemia

2. Perianal pruritis

Back 17

Microcytic anemia = ancylostoma, Necator

Perianal pruritis = Enterobius