Parasite Exam 3

Front 1

Nemahelminthes is a phylum with the most members and diversity. They are commonly known as _____

Back 1

Roundworms

Front 2

Roundworms are also known as _____

Back 2

Nemahelminths or Nematodes

Front 3

The general characteristcs of this phylum are:

Back 3

round on each end
circular in cross section
Size varies
Mostly dioecious
most have a direct life cycle
most go through oviparous repro

Front 4

What are some members of the Nematode phylum common names?

Back 4

Ascarids
Hookworms
Whip worms
Pin worms
heartworms

Front 5

Ascarids are commonly called ____ and all domestic animals can get them. All dioecious, oviparous and ova have a ROPEY outer appearance

Back 5

roundworms

Front 6

Ascarids typically do not cause much pathology however, puppies born with it will have a ______ and other animals that have pathology from them will have diarrhea and possibly obstruction.

Back 6

pot belly appearance

Front 7

Ascarids are _____ and steal nutrients.

Back 7

GI tract dwellers

Front 8

Ascarids have a ______ life cycle.

Back 8

Direct

Front 9

Ascarids and hookworms need to undergo some type of ____ in order to be infective to the final host.

Back 9

migration

Front 10

Roundworms have 3 types of migration. What are they?

Back 10

Tracheal
Somatic
mucosal

Front 11

Tracheal migration is the most complex migration and this involves the eggs being passed from a dogs feces, those eggs are ingested by another dog, eggs go to GI tract, hatch and the ______ penetrate the lining of the______ and go into general circulation via the capillary network. Migrate to the ____, penetrate the _________, move up trachea with the aid of MCTS and are coughed up and out or swallowed and re-enter GI tract and become infective adults.

Back 11

larvae
GI tract
lungs
bronchioles and then bronchi

Front 12

Somatic (~dormant~) migration involves direct ingestion of ova that move to GI tract, which hatch and penetrate the GI tract, the larva migrate through ________ and encyst with a protective shell and become dormant in these tissues. If in ______ , somatic migration will lead to an inactive case and larvae WILL not become adults.

Back 12

body tissues, usually skeletal muscles
Final host

Front 13

With somatic migration, the larvae will only become adults and move to active infective stage IF it is an _____ . Hormonal changes awaken inactive larvae which then excyst and produce an active case in the ________ which are infested via the ________.

Back 13

an intact pregnant bitch.
Puppies
umbilical cord

Front 14

Most routes of infestation involve ingestion of LARVAE but in the case of most roundworms, involves the ingestion of __________

Back 14

ova

Front 15

Mucosal migration involves direct ingestion where the L3 larvated egg goes into intestine, and penetrate the intestinal lining. They invade the _____ layer of the intestine, migrate back out of that layer and back into the lumen of GI tract and become adults.

Back 15

mucosal

Front 16

Ascarids are probably the most commonly diagnosed parasite of____

Back 16

puppies and kittens

Front 17

Toxocara canis is HSS for

Back 17

dogs

Front 18

Toxacara canis has ________ IH and may or may not have a paratenic host

Back 18

no

Front 19

The site of infestation for Toxocara canis is

Back 19

Adults invade the small intestine

Larvae-liver, lungs, somatic tissues--->skeletal muscles

Front 20

Toxocara canis pathogenesis involves:

Back 20

Pot-belly appearance
Possible obstruction, enteritis, death

Front 21

Toxocara canis treatment involves what meds?

Back 21

Ivermectin, Fenbendazole, Milbemycin

Front 22

What is the potential PHS of Toxocara canis?

Back 22

VLM (Visceral larval migrans)

OLM (ocular larval migrans)

Front 23

Roundworms tend to have a characteristic mouth with what for attachment?

Back 23

3 lips

Front 24

Toxocara ova have a characteristic appearance, describe it:

Back 24

Mostly round with a ROPEY OUTER shell

Nucleus is DARK and FILLS the inside of the shell

Front 25

Toxocara canis tend to have ___ routes of infestation on their way to the host. What are they?

Back 25

4

*Direct ingestion with tracheal migration and or somatic migration.
*In-utero/transpalcental-Very common after 43rd day day of gestation
*Ingestion of paratenic host
*Trans-mammary/lactogenic

Front 26

With Toxocara canis, it is more common for puppies to have an active case and puppies born with an active case will have the pathognomic sign of __________

Back 26

a pot belly

Front 27

A pathognomic sign is one that is

Back 27

a sign that cannot be mistaken for anything else, a "classic" symptom

Front 28

With Toxocara canis, a fecal exam on a pregnant bitch reveals no ova, this means

Back 28

NSATT, does not mean she is not infested due the possibility that the Toxocara are encysted.

Front 29

Diagnosis of Toxacara canis is the appearance of;

Back 29

ova in feces

possibly in vomit in a large infestation

Front 30

The best preventative for keep Toxocara canis infestation in puppies is:

Back 30

Deworm the bitch prior to whelping

Treat the puppies at 2, 4, 6 weeks of age

Direct sun and and sun will also limit environmental exposure

Front 31

Due to the PHS of Toxocara canis, you should always ask if the household has:

Back 31

Small children or immunocompromised persons due to their being less able to fight off an infestation and deal with the possible resulting health issues.

Front 32

Toxocara cati is HSS for

Back 32

cats

Front 33

Toxacara cati has ______ IH, but may or may not have a paratenic host.

Back 33

NO

Front 34

Toxacara cati site of infestation is the:

Back 34

small intestine

Front 35

Toxacara cati pathogenesis involves

Back 35

Pot belly appearance, obstruction, enteritis, possible death

Front 36

Treatment for Toxocara cati involves what medications?

Back 36

Fenbendazole, Milbemycin, Piperazine

Front 37

PHS for Toxocara cati is:

Back 37

VLM, OLM

Front 38

Toxacara cati is distributed WW but tends to be more prevalant in

Back 38

urban areas

Front 39

Toxacara cati has ___ routes of infestation and they are:

Back 39

3
*Direct ingestion with tracheal or somatic
*Ingestion of paratenic host with somatic migration in the paratenic
*Trans-mammary with somatic migration then moving into mucosal migration in the kittens

Front 40

Toxocara vitulorum has ________ as an intermediate host.

Back 40

NOTHING

Front 41

The final host of Toxocara vitulorum is ___________

Back 41

ruminents

Front 42

The site of infestation for Toxocara vitulorum is

Back 42

the adult parasite in the small intestine

Front 43

Pathogenesis for the Toxocara vitulorum is

Back 43

Unthriftiness in calves 4-6 months

Front 44

Medications for Toxocara vitulorum include:

Back 44

Fenbendezole
Milbemycin
Piperazine

Front 45

PHS for Toxocara vitulorum is:

Back 45

VLM, OLM

Front 46

The geographical distribution for Toxocara vitulorum is WW but it tends to be more common:

Back 46

In tropical areas

Front 47

Toxocara vitulorum has ___ routes of infestation and they are:

Back 47

3
*Direct ingestion with tracheal migration
*Trans-placental
*trans-mammary

Front 48

describe Toxascaris leonina ova

Back 48

Smooth OUTER edge
ropy INNER appearance
lighter inner nucleus that does not take up the entire inside of ova

Front 49

The Toxascaris leonia has _____ IH but may have ______ as paratenic hosts.

Back 49

no
mouse

Front 50

The Toxascaris leonina is HSP for _______

Back 50

dogs and cats

Front 51

For Toxascaris leonina, the site of infestation is :

Back 51

small intestine

Front 52

For Toxascaris leonina, the pathogenesis involves

Back 52

Pot belly appearance
unthriftiness, coughing, constipation, V/D

Front 53

Toxascaris leonina is distributed WW but prefers

Back 53

cooler climates

Front 54

Treatment for Toxascaris leonina involves what meds?

Back 54

Fenbendazole
Milbemycin
Piperazine

Front 55

Toxascaris leonina has a common name. What is it?

Back 55

Arrowhead worm

Front 56

Toxascaris leonina has __routes of infestation and they are:

Back 56

2
*Direct ingestion (more common in dogs)
*Paratenic ingestion (cat eats mouse-that experienced somatic migration)
followed by mucosal migration within the cat

Front 57

The pathogenesis of the Toxascaris leonina is quick compared to Toxacara. Toxascaris moves into the infective stage within ______ while the Toxacara takes ____________

Back 57

1 week

4 weeks

Front 58

Diagnosis of Toxascaris leonina involves

Back 58

finding ova or adult worm in feces

Front 59

Toxascaris leonina is very hardy and can stay ______ within the soil for ____.

Back 59

patent

years

Front 60

Ascaris suum has ____ as IH and _______ as paratenic hosts

Back 60

Nothing

earthworm, dung beetle

Front 61

Ascaris suum is HSS for _____

Back 61

Pigs

Front 62

The Ascaris suum site of infestation is:

Back 62

Small intestine

Front 63

Ascaris suum is very pathogenic and causes condemned organs due to destruction of tissue on the migration routes of the larvae which are known as

Back 63

Milk spot in liver and lungs

hemorrhage, diarrhea, stunted growth and a distinctive cough called Thumps in piglets due to the tracheal migration

Front 64

Ascaris suum ova have a very distinct ova in that the oval ova have an outer shell that is _________ and it is the ONLY ova of GI tract of pigs that looks this way.

Back 64

ropey and thick that is PITTED/WAVY

Front 65

Treatment for Ascaris suum involves what types of meds?

Back 65

Fenbendazole
Ivermectin
Piperazine

Front 66

Ascaris suum has ___ routes of infestation and they are?

Back 66

2

*Direct ingestion of eggs with tracheal migration
*Direct ingestion of paratenic host with tracheal migration

Front 67

Diagnosis of Ascaris suum involves finding

Back 67

eggs and occasionally adults in feces

Front 68

PHS for Ascaris suum is

Back 68

VLM, specifically tracheal migrans

Front 69

Parascaris equorum is also known as

Back 69

Equine ascarid, Equine roundworm

Front 70

Parascaris equorum has ___ as a IH and ___________may serve as a paratenic host.

Back 70

nothing

earthworm, dung beetle

Front 71

Pasascaris is HSS for

Back 71

horses

Front 72

Parascaris equorum's site of infestation is

Back 72

the small intestine

Front 73

Parascaris equorum pathogenesis may involve:

Back 73

flatulence
unthriftiness, rough hair coat
coughing
obstruction
More common in foals 2-6 months who will have a pot belly appearance.

Front 74

Treating Parascaris equorum involves what meds?

Back 74

Ivermectin
Fenbendazole
Piperazine

Front 75

Ingestion of Parascaris equorum is

Back 75

direct ingestion with tracheal migration usually from a contaminated teat

Front 76

Diagnosis of Parascaris equorum is

Back 76

ova in feces and/or larvae in sputum

Front 77

In regards to Parascaris equorum, the ova are very sticky and disinfectant will not kill them. In order to avoid infestation, what is done?

Back 77

good sanitation and routine deworming

Front 78

________ iodine may be used with fecal direct exams to stain protozaol cysts.

Back 78

Lugols

Front 79

Fecal cytologies are stained with

Back 79

Diff-quick

Front 80

Flotation tests are a type of fecal _____ test

Back 80

concentration

Front 81

If a parasite is species specific, then it is

Back 81

HSS

Front 82

Ovassay, Fecalyzer and Ova-tector are ll types of

Back 82

fecal flotation tests

Front 83

Fascicola hepatica site of adult infestation is the

Back 83

common bile duct

Front 84

Immature proglottids do not have developed

Back 84

sex organs

Front 85

The snail is always the first IH for

Back 85

Trematodes

Front 86

All cestodes in domestic animals are

Back 86

monecious

Front 87

The reproductive style in members of the Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) is

Back 87

monecious & oviporus

Front 88

Fascicola hepatica is also known as

Back 88

the liver fluke

Front 89

Final host for the Fascicola hepatica are

Back 89

Sheep, cattle, ruminents

Front 90

Pathogenesis for Fascicola hepatica involves

Back 90

Hemorrhage, possible Clostridium novyii infection

Front 91

treatment for Fascicola hepatica would involves meds such as

Back 91

Ivermectin
Albendazol

Front 92

Fascicola hepatica PHS is

Back 92

rare

Front 93

Flatworms belong to the phylum

Back 93

Platyhelminthes

Front 94

Roundworms belong to the phylum

Back 94

Nemahelminthes

Front 95

Cestodes (tapeworms) are ___ infective

Back 95

L1

Front 96

Paragonimus, Nanophyetus and Fascicola all have ____operculated eggs

Back 96

single

Front 97

The lung flukes intermediate hosts are

Back 97

snail then crawfish

Front 98

the most economically important fluke is the

Back 98

Liver fluke

Front 99

Fecal cytologies are examined under

Back 99

100x magnification

Front 100

the 2 taxonomical Kingdoms in parasitology are

Back 100

Animalia and protista

Front 101

the most common route of infestation by trematodes and cestodes is

Back 101

direct ingestion of larvae

Front 102

The intermediate hosts for Nanophyetus salmincola are

Back 102

snail then salmon

Front 103

Fecal centrifugation tests are spun at ___ rpm for ____

Back 103

1500 rpm

3 minutes

Front 104

the infective stage for Trematodes (flukes) is

Back 104

L5

Front 105

Cestodes are also known as

Back 105

tapeworms

Front 106

Final host for the Nanophyetus salmincola is

Back 106

dogs & cats
mink and raccon

Front 107

Final host for Paragonimus kellicotti (Lung Fluke) is

Back 107

dogs & cats

Front 108

Final host for Taenia hydatigena is

Back 108

dogs, sometimes cats

Front 109

Final host for Taenia ovis is

Back 109

dogs and cats

Front 110

3 main functions of veterinary parasitology are

Back 110

Locate
ID
Treat

Front 111

A routine fecal involves what 3 tests/

Back 111

Gross/visual exam
Direct exam
Fecal float

Front 112

List the 3 Diff-quik stains

Back 112

#1 is fixative with a blue green color and you dip slide 5 times for 1 sec
#2 is Eosinophilic and you dip 5 times for 1 sec
#3 is Basophilic and you dip 7 to 10 times for 1 sec

Front 113

Fecal cytology is used to identify what 2 organisms?

Back 113

Clostridium
Campylobacter