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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinetoplasta
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Have kinetoplast - DNA containing portion of Mitochondrian
Trypanosoma/Leishmania |
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Trypanosomatida
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NO CYST
Trophozoites: 2 states - Trypomastigotes - crescent, flagellum, undulating membrane, thin kinetoplast - Amastigotes - round, round kinetoplast, vestigal flagella ONLY trypomastigotes - African Trypanosoma BOTH - American T. cruzi ONLY Amastigotes - Leishmania |
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Trypanosoma
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Hemoflagellates
Indirect cycle - vertebrate host, blood-feeding insect vector Except - T. equiperdum - coitus T. evansi/T vivax (in SA) - mechanical Classing by mech of vector trans: Stercoraria - Contaminative trans - Multiply in gut of vector, infectious form in hindgut/feces - Discontinuous mult. invert (immune response reduces/elim) Most non-pathogens, except T. cruzi Salivaria - |
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Stercorarian spp
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Trypanosoma theileri - cattle
- tabanid flie vector Trypanosoma melophagium - sheep - Sheep ked vector (host ingests) |
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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Stercorarian, widely distrub in Americas, Zoonotic
Chaga's disease, rel non-host spec US Reservioirs - opossums, raccoons, armadillos, skunks, rodents (SE) Indirect cycle - reduviid vector - Nocturnal, painless bite, defecate after leaving host - Vector defec on vert, metacyclics deposited on skin, host rubs metacyclics into bite/muc membr - Also blood transfison, vector ingest, transplacental/transmammary Trypomastigotes penetrate card/smooth muscle/macros - Become amastigotes, repeat cycle |
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T. cruzi Parasitemia
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Acute - many trypomastigotes in blood, amastigotes in cells in tissue
- Peaks at 2-3 weeks PI, hard to find in bld30 DPI - Dx: C/S shaped trypomastigotes in bld, large terminal kinetoplast - Examine LN aspirate for both forms Chronic- intracellular amastigote foci persist in tissues - Location protects from Ig - ~5 yrs: Fatal dilated cardiomyopathy Acute in Dogs: + LN, weakness, D+, encephalitis (uncommon), Acute myocarditis (2-3 weeks) - Abnormal ECG, RS Heart failure + ascites, weak pulse, sudden death Chronic Dog - Abnormal ECG, hear dilation (R->L), asymp until end stage failure Dx - Serology, Isolate/ID, Postmortem: Amastigotes in r heart Tx - Benznidazole, Nifurtimox, Ketoconazole - Chronic, limited |
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Salivaria spp
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Inoculative transm- vector bite, multiply in vector gut, infect form in salivary glands
Continuous multiplication - in vert, trypanosomes escape immune system Variable Surface Glycoprotein - covers entire parasite, antigenic variation allows peaks of parasitism |
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African Trypanosomiasis
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T. congolense, vivax, brucei
Acute - intermittent fever, wt loss, death 3-4 wks Chronic - intermittent fever, anemia, lymphadenopathy, prog. emaciation - Animals can become cachetic T. vivax - Emerged from Africa indepent of tse-tse - Mech trans iatrogenic/ biting flies - effects cattle, some horses T.evansi - surra - Most mammals, camels/horses principal - Horse, tse-tse, & stable flies - Fever, edema, cachexia, anemia |
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Trypanosoma equiperdum
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Equidae venereal disease (Dourine)
Eradicated from US, all horses must be seronegative for Ig Transmission - Veneral Mare to foal (rare) - Vaginal disch -> mus membr -> mares milk Asexually repro, Localizes in sub Q at repro tract-> blood (1-4 wks, see discharge, swelling, pos. abortion, incre urine/libido) 1-2 mos - Urticarial cutaneous plaques (silver dollar) on chest/flank/rump (wax and wane) - parasit mulip/host react Stage 3 - Anemia, CNS signs Dx - skin signs, + complement-fixation test - ID parasite in repro secretions, bld, skin plaque fluid Tx - Euthanasia |
