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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxyuris equi is a round worm/nematode that is HSS for
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horses
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Oxyuris equi is also known as the
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Horse pinworm
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Oxyyuris equi are food stealers that live in
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the cecum
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Oxyuris equi have a direct life cycle and a reproduction style that is
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oviparous and dioecious
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Ova of Oxyuris equi are:
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single operculated, oval, larvated ova
more flattened on one side of the egg with a smooth thick shell. |
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Oxyuris equi females travel to the rectum and poke their heads out of the anus to
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lay ova with sticky a sticky gelatinous secretion on the perianal area
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The ova of the Oxyuris equi are rubbed off or fall to the ground and become infective, then are re-ingested, go to the
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cecum, feed on mucous and mature adults feed on cecal contents but do not attach themselves.
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Oxyuri equi adults may be found in the cecum, large intestine and
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rectum, anus and around perianal area
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Oxyuris larvae can cause irritation from feeding on the mucosa, peritis of the anal area from the sticky secretion the female worm envelopes the eggs in, which results in the pathognomic sign of
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rat-tail due to constant rubbing.
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In addition to tail rubbing due to peritis, animals with an infestation of Oxyuris equi will also
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be restless, in poor condition
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Oxyuri equi is diagnosed using:
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Scotch tape prep for ova detection, larvae may also be seen in feces
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Treatment for Oxyuris equi involves what meds?
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Ivermectin
Fenbendazole |
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The Scotch Tape technique for ova detection involves using CLEAR tape that is pressed against______
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the perianal area of horse suspected to be infested with Oxyuris equi, which is then placed on a slide sticky side down and it is examined for single operculated ova.
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Physaloptera rara is also known as
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The stomach worm
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Physaloptera rara is HSP for
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dogs and cats
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The IH for Physaloptera rara is
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dung beetles, cochroaches, crickets
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Possible PH for Physoloptera rara are
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frogs, snakes and mice
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Physaloptera rara geographic distribution is
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north and south America
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Physaloptera rara adults are stout, white to pink living FIRMLY ATTACHED on stomach wall mucosa where they SUCK BLOOD and may be tightly coiled. The ova are
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smooth larvated with a thickened shell
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The reproductive style of Physaloptera rara is
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oviparous, dioecious
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The life cycle of the Physaloptera rara is ova in feces, ingested by
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*Intermediate host (dung beetle, cockroaches, crickets)
*Develop to L3 infectives in the IH *PH either ingests the IH or the FH ingests the IH directly or the PH *Adults develop and embed in the stomach. |
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Sites of infestation for the Physaloptera rara are:
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stomach or anterior end of duodenum
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Pathogenesis for Physaloptera rara involves :
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Ulcers, hemorrhage, possible bloody vomit and black (bloody) stools
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Diagnosis of Physaloptera rara involves
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larvated ova in feces or vomit
Adults in vomit Adults can also be seen with endoscopy |
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Treatment for Physaloptera rara is
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Ivermectin
Fenbendazole |
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Adults for Physaloptera rara are easily confused with Ascarids and you can tell the difference by cutting the female opn and you will see:
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eggs
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Spirocerca lupi is also known as the
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Esophageal worm
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Spirocerca lupi is HSP for
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dogs and cats as well as an occasional accidental goat
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Spirocerca lupi has several IH ______ and PH may be ______
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IH-dung beetle
PH- lizards, chickens, mice and rabbits |
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Spirocerca lupi geographic distribution tends to be:
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tropical areas and the gulf coast
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Spirocerca lupi adults are reddish and coiled when alive and the ova are
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larvated ova that are paperclip oval shaped
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Reproductive style of Spirocerca lupi is ____________
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Oviparous & dioecious
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Spirocerca lupi adults are found_______
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In nodules of the esophagus
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Spirocerca lupi ova will be seen _____
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in feces
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The lifecycle of the Spirocerca lupi involves the ova being ingested by
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*IH and then developing into L3
*FH ingests IH or PH that ate the IH *Larva penetrate the wall of the GI mucosa and go into circulation via visceral arteries to the aorta, then to the esophagus and stomach. *Larva create nodules in esophageal wall and expel thei eggs through the fistular openings. These pass down the esophagus and out in the feces. |
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Spirocerca lupi sites of infestation are
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adults-esophagus and stomach
larva-feces |
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Pathogenesis for the Spirocerca lupi involves larvae causing
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*nodules on esophageal wall and thrombosis
*Aneurysms *Possible rupture of aneurysms |
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Pathogenesis of the Spirocerca lupi adults may involve:
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*Intially causing nodule formation up to 4cm in size
*Obstructions and hemorrhage *Only parasite that causes tumor formation *Vomiting, weight loss, dysphagia, hemoptysis |
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Diagnosis of Spirocerca lupi involves:
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*Larvated ova in feces or vomit
*Radiography *Endoscopy *Nodules with fistulas upon necropsy |
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Treatment for Spirocerca lupi involves meds such as
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Fenbendazol
Disophenol |
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For lab diagnosis for this ova, a Sedimentation technique is best because_______________
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these ova do not float consistently.
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Describe the process for the Fecal Sedimentation technique
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*Take 1g of feces, place in dixie cup
*Fill 1/4 with tap water *Mix with wooden applicator stick *Place cheese cloth/gauze over a second dixie cup and strain the mixture from the first cup *Pour strained mixture from first cup into a conical tube w/o meniscus OR coverslip *Spin at 1200 rpm for 3-5 minutes *Pour off supernatent *Resuspend the sediment w/ liquid just used--some of supernatant *Place one drop using pipette onto a microscope slide and apply coverslip *This is bettter for retrieving heavy ova such as Trichuris and Spriocerca (can see larva) * |
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Habronema spp. is HSS for
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horses
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The IH for Habronema spp. is
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house or stable flies
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The Habronema adults morphology is buccal capsule in funnel shape and ova are________
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larvated
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Habronema spp. reproductive style is:
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Oviparous & Dioecious
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THe lifecycle of the Habronema spp. involves the larvae being ingested by
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*Maggots, which develop into L3 infectives in maggots within a week
*Maggots develop into flies *L3 move up to the head of the probiscus and as the fly feeds on lips, nose, wounds, larve move to host. These larvae only cause cutaneous irritation by entering wounds or mucous membranes. *Only those larvae that are INGESTED mature to adults in the stomach. Those larvae that enter cutaneously stop maturing. |
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The site of infestation for Habronema spp is adults in the ___________ and larvae _________________
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stomach
in wounds and wet areas of skin creating large granulomas called Summer sores. |
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Pathogenesis for Habronema spp. involves:
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*Granulomas that may interfere with passage of food
* General gastritis *Cutaneous habronemiasis (Summer sores) -these lesions appear in warm weather, heal spontaneously in winter and reappear in the spring. -cause granulomas around wounds and nititating membrane, which are painful *Puritis and possible secondary injury due to trying to relieve intense itching |
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Diagnosis of Habronema spp. involves
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larvated ova in the feces
granulomas & clinical signs biopsy |
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Treatment for Habronema spp. is :
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For stomach: Moxidectin or Ivermectin
Cutaneous infestation: Ivermectin, cryosurgery, surgical removal |
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Drachia megastoma is HSS for
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horses
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Draschia megastoma is pretty much the same as Habronema spp except
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adults are smaller
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Dioctophyma renale is also known as the
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GIANT kidney worm
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Dictophyma renale is HSP for:
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Mink, weasels
Canids Occasionally cattle, Horses Pigs cats |
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The IH for Dictophyma renale are
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Annalid worms
Frogs, fish & crayfish can be PH |
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Dioctophyma renale geographic distribution is:
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N & S America
Europe |
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Dictophyma renale is one of the largest of all parasites with females reaching up to 100cm in length. Red in color with ova that are:
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Double operculated with an outer ropey edge tending towards a barrel shap and also have a thick pitted appearance except at the poles and are yellowish brown in color. and are seen in URINE!!!!
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Dioctophyma renale adults site of infestation is the ________, specifically the _____________
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kidney
pelvis of the right kidney |
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Dioctophyma renale ova are passed in ___________, develop to L1 larvated ova in water.
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URINE
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In regards to the life cycle of the Dioctophyma renale parasite, after developing to L1 in water, it is ingested by
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*IH (Annalid worm) and develops into L3.
*The IH may be ingested by PH and will invade their tissues but not develop any further. *If the FH ingests the IH, the L3 will mature to adulthood . *Larvae penetrate the GI tract lining, migrate to the kidney and mature to adults. |
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the site of infestation for the Dioctophyma renale is mainly the right kidney, however, ectopic infestation may result in finding them in________
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peritoneal cavity
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Pathogenesis for Dioctophyma renale involves:
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Calcification and destruction of kidney
peritonitis Hypertrophy of other kidney due to overwork, hematuria, polydipsia, uremia |
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Diagnosis of Diooctophyma renale involves finding ova in urine as well as:
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Radiography of adults in pelvis of right kidney or free in abdomen
Finding adults in abdomen |
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Treatment for Dioctophyma renale involves_______________
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surgery to remove adult parasites
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Pearsonema plica and Pearsonema felis cati are also know as
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The bladder worm
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Pearsonema plica is HSS for ____ and Pearsonema felis cati is HSS for ________
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dogs
cats |
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The geographic distribution for Pearsonema spp. is ______________
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North America, Europe and Russia
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The ova of Pearsonema spp. is ______________
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SMOOTH outer appearance, double operculated, with flattened protruding plugs and are clear to yellowish in color
***found in URINE*** |
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Life Cycle of the Pearsonema spp involves the ova being passed in the URINE, then:
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*Go to L1 inside the egg in about a month
*ingested by earthworm *eggs will hatch the L1 infectives after being ingested by the PH or FH *All other larval stages will take place in the FH *Adults weave the anterior part of their bodies in the mucous membranes of the urinary bladder and urinary tract. |
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although typically non-pathogenic, possible pathogenesis for Pearsonema spp. may involve:
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cystitis
hematuria dysuria stranguria (straining to urinate) |
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Trichuris spp.is also known as the ____________
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Whipworm
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Trichuris spp. is the only rough outer edged double operculated ova found in____________
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feces
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Trichuris vulpis is HSS for
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dogs and rarely cats
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Trichuris ovis is HSP for
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ruminants
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Trichuris suis is HSS for
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pigs
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The geographic distribution for Trichuris spp. is
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WW but primarily southern US, South America and Puerto Rico
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Trichuris spp. adults are whip shaped at the posterior end and the ova have a distinctive
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thick brown double operculated shell with a more lemon type shape compared to the barrel shaped of the Capillaria
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The Trichuris spp have what type of reproductive style?
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Oviparous & Dioecious
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The life cycle of the Trichuris spp./Whipworm involves ova in the feces and then
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the infective L1 developing in the ova but will not hatch unless ingested.
*Infective ova are very resistant in the environment *the rest of the larval stages occur in the epithelium of the small intestine |
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The site of infestation for Trichuris spp. is the ______________
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cecum and small intestines
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Pathogenesis for the Trichuris spp. is
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Mostly young dogs- parasitic colitis (excessive mucous production in colon due to irritation ), diarrhea, anorexia, distended abdomen, vomiting
*Young RUMINANTS: bloody scours *Pigs: mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage |
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Treatment for Trichuris spp involves:
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Fenbendazole, Ivermectin to name a couple
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