Parasit Exam 1: Mites

Front 1

Mites
general characteristics

Back 1

tiny/microscopic
mouthparts attached ventrally
hypostome, if present, not barbed
lack basis capitulum and scutum
somewhat host specific
site of infestation and pattern of spread is species specific

Front 2

general life cycle

Back 2

egg--> egg 3 weeks
e-> l->protonymph->deutonymph->adult
transmitted via direct contact
more prevalent in cooler climates

Front 3

different types of lesions associated with mite families

Back 3

Sarcoptidae:deep burrying in skin, Pruritis, thickened skin w/ cracks, alopecia
Psoroptidae:surface feeding, abrade skin feed on serum

Hint 3

Cheyletillidae: surface mites, dermatitis w/scaling may be circular lesions
trombiculidae(chiggers): sml red, no mite
demodicidae: hair follicles +other sites, deep in sebaceous glands, if severe, skin color change/alopeica

Front 4

skin scraping

Back 4

surface mite-->superficial
deep scraping +squeezing may help extrude demodex in hair follicles
scrape edge of active lesions
tunneling mite(sarcoptes)->dermis scrape
5% bse to dissolve skin/hair

Front 5

major mite taxonomic groups

Back 5

mesostigmata: single pair of stigmata located laterally
prostigmata: stigmata at base of mouthparts
Astigmata: can't see stigmata

Front 6

Family: Dermanyssidae

Back 6

Mesostigmata
mostly predatory mites, lrg size
few genera parasitic
nest dwellers/on host--> cntl environment!

Front 7

Dermanyssus gallinae

Back 7

red chicken mite
cosmopolitan mite of domestic/wild birds and if suitable conditions mammals inc. man
blood feeders-->turn red after meal
cause anemia/skin irritation,
feed on host at night

Hint 7

mesostigmata, family: dermanyssidae

Front 8

Ornithonyssus sylvarium

Back 8

northern fowl mite
parasite of poultry and other birds
nymphs/adults blood feeders, eggs on host
cause matted feathers+grey scabby skin, anemia and death
don't survive long off host

Hint 8

mesostigmata, family: Macronyssidae

Front 9

Ornithonyssus bursa

Back 9

Tropical Fowl Mite
parasite of poultry/other birds in tropics
mites found near vent, beak, eye
poultry: life cycle entirely on host

Hint 9

mesostigmata, family: macronyssidae

Front 10

Ornithonyssus bacoti

Back 10

cosmo parasite of man/rats
intermittent feeders, breed in nest

transmit: murine typhus Rickettsia typhi (usually fleaborn), R. akari, Q fever (coxiella burnetti) and Borrelia anserina(spirochetosis) to poultry

Hint 10

mesostigmata, family: macronyssidae

Front 11

Pneumonyssoides cninum

Back 11

nasal mite
normal in dog nose, abnormal in trachea/lungs--> sneeze/head shake
rare, only in dogs
mite looks like sml tick
direct contact to transmit, swab to test
,

Hint 11

mesostigmata, family: dermanyssidae

Front 12

Raillieta auris

Back 12

Cattle ear mite
deep in ear canal of cattle near ear drum
associated w/ middle ear problems in young suckling calves
rare

Hint 12

mesostigmata, family: dermanyssidae

Front 13

Ophionyssus natricis

Back 13

blood sucking mite of snakes/lizards, especially captive,
under scales near mouth/eye, oviposit off host
transmit:aeromonas hydrophyla (bact cause mouth rot/ hemorrhagic septicemi)
vector of inclusion body disease of snakes,
anemia lethargy death

Hint 13

mesostigmata, family: dermanyssidae

Front 14

Family: Trombiculide

Back 14

Chiggers
larva is parasitic
salivary enzymes cause local dermatitis in man/others
only feed for hours-->drop off--> dermatitis for a few days
can have secondary infection

Hint 14

Prostigmata

Front 15

Trombicula alfreddugesi

Back 15

Chigger
only larva parasitic

Hint 15

Prostigmata Family Trombiculide

Front 16

Family Demodicidae

Back 16

cigar shaped, lives in hair follicles and sebaceous glands
common symbiont, disease rare, infection common,
most disease occurs in dogs
species specfic, transmission via direct contact

Hint 16

D. Canis-->dog
d. folliculorum-->man
d. phylloides-->swine
d. equi, d. ovis, d.bovis. d. caprae
d. cati (long tail cat)
d. gtoi (short tail cat)

Front 17

Demodex canis

Back 17

present in virtually all dogs, few develop mange
disease indicates lack of adequate cell-mediated immune response which allows the dog to develop hypersensitivity
direct correlation btn #mites and disease severity

Front 18

Demodex canis disease forms

Back 18

Localized: sml alopecia patches on head/forelegs, resolve at puberty
generalized:coalescing smaller patches usually accompanied by staph aureus infection->odor *serious disease*
pododermodicosis: chronic infection of feed following resolved generalized demodicosis

Hint 18

disease occurs
3-9 months of age
familial
stress/chemothereapy/depressed immune system

Front 19

Family: Cheyletiellidae

Back 19

Prostigmata
inhabit the fur (pelage), feed on skin
cause scaly dermatitis "walking dandriff"
mites probably do not survive long off the host
host specific w/ some cross over

Hint 19

C. yasguri: dog
C. parasitivorax: rabbit
C. blakei: cat

human infestations occur b/c an animal gave it to him

Front 20

Cheyletiellidae lesions

Back 20

Exfoliative:dandruff, alopecia from lots of scratching, mod->sev pruritis begining alond dorsum
Crustose: multiple, discrete, circular lesion on trunk occurs in conjunction with exfoliative form and may be associated with secondary pyoderma

Front 21

Suborder Astigmata

Back 21

no stigmata
coxae 1&2 seperated from 3&4

Front 22

Sarcoptes scabei

Back 22

sarcoptic mange, scabies, scab
seperate strains for each mammal they infect. only adapted to 1 species of host and can only breed on that host

Hint 22

astigmata
entire life cycle on host (only 2 weeks off host)
live under keratin layers in epidermis. tunneling mites

Front 23

clinical signs of sarcoptic mange

Back 23

sarcoptes scabei
tunneling mites-->burning pruritis-->animal rubs/scratches-->skin thickens, dries, wrinkles, alopecia-->scabs from self mutiltion

Hint 23

diagnosis: deep skin scraping from unexorited papules deep enough tho see RBC
very few mites lead to pruruties
corticosteroids contraindicated

Front 24

sarcoptic mange dog

Back 24

dogs: starts on head from nuzzling but can start on feet and move up on legs, only hair on dorsum

Front 25

sarcoptic mange swine

Back 25

var. suis
hair loss, sever itching, etc begins around ears/shoulders
quarantine regulations dependent on state
only leaves hair on dorsal midline

Front 26

sarcoptic mange horse

Back 26

dry mange on sides, back, and shoulders

can cause intense itching in handlers "cavalryman's itch"

Front 27

sarcoptic mange cattle

Back 27

reportable all over US

Front 28

sarcoptic mange llamas

Back 28

most common itch mite in this species

Front 29

sarcoptic mange humans

Back 29

public health
dog/pig->human vi cirect contct
severe itch will develop in human even though mite cannot breed on them
var humanus: remains in huans for a long time

Front 30

notoedres cati

Back 30

cat, occasionally rabbit
starts on head than moves over entire body,
usually generalized in kitten
not terminal

Hint 30

astigmata

Front 31

Knemidocoptes mutans

Back 31

Scaly Leg mite
on poultry, burrows in skin of feet/legs--> deformation
scab formation my lead to crippling

Hint 31

Astigmata

Front 32

Knemidocoptes pilae

Back 32

budgerigars at base of beak (cere) and legs
scaly area proliferates around cere, scaly legs, malformed beak

Hint 32

astigmata

Front 33

psoroptes ovis

Back 33

sheep scab mite, cattle scab mite
body mite of sheep now eradicated in U.S.
rare in cattle
feed on skin/lymph by evading skin
dorusm-->moves ventrally
quarantine infection in cattle *reportable*

Hint 33

cool season parasite: prefers long hair to hide in
range: western states, problem in crowded conditions

Front 34

psoroptes cuniculi

Back 34

ear canker mite
goats, horses, rabbits
crusty scab formation in ear canal
rabbits; honeycomb exudate fills ear canal
horses: head sensitive w/ear malodorus

Front 35

Chorioptes bovis

Back 35

Foot mange mite
cattle, horses, goats, occasionally sheep
feeds on skin, does not burrow
scab formation on extremities but may become body mites
scale formation especilly on feet of horses/sheep
only infects a few individuals in a herd

Front 36

Otodectes cynotis

Back 36

ear mte
carnivores, not host specific, can be transmitted btn cats and dogs
pathogen in ear but can live on other parts of body, feeds on epdermal detrtus and lymph by ebrading skin
preffers tip of cat tail so treat it

Hint 36

signs similiar to otobius megnini (spinose ear tick) but o. cynotis much more common

brown exudate, head shaking, pruritis

Front 37

superfamily: listrophoroidea

Back 37

one or more pairs of legs modfied to clasp hairs

contains cat fur mite

Front 38

Lynxacarus radovskyi

Back 38

cat fur mite
laterally compressed
found on tail/perineal area, infested hairs easily removed. may show no clinical signs or show pruritus, excessive grooming, hair balls,
south tips of US, tropics