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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the imporant members of the paramyxovirus family?
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Measles, mumps, parainfluenza 1-3, RSV, human metapneumo
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Of what family is the rubella virus a member?
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Togavirus
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Describe the structure and genome of the paramyxovirus
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The paramyxo virus is a helico nucleocapsid -ssRNA containing virus with a lipid envelope
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What is a distinguishing feature of all human paramyxo virions?
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They form syncytia
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How are paramyxo and rubella viruses transmitted?
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Thier transmission is via the respiratory route with direct droplet spread or contact with contaminated surface
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What is the peak incidence for most paramyxo and rubella virions?
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Winer/spring (fall for parainfluenza 1 and 2)
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What are the two ways that paramyxovirus/rubella virus usually present?
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Either as a localized disease in the respiratory tract after several days incubation OR as generalized disease after 1-2 weeks
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What are the important clinical properties of measles (rubeola)?
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Cough, corynza, conjuctivitis, Koplik's spots, non-vesicular maculopapular rash
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What are Koplik's spots?
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Blueish grey specks found in the mouth after infection with the measles virus
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What are the potential complications of measles?
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Fatal pneumonia, otitis media, post-infectious encephalomyelitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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What sort of individual would be at risk of contracting pneumonia or otisi media from the measels virus?
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AN individual who has not recieved the measles vaccine and is malnurished with a vitamin A deficiency
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How is measles diagnosed?
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Isolation of the virus from blood or nasopharynx and demonstartion of anti-measles IgM in an antibody capture ELISA; also Kolpik's spots
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Describe the measles vaccine and when it's given
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It is a live-attenuated vaccine given as a trivalent mixture of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. It is given at 12 months and then a booster at 4 to 6 years of age
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What are the complications of mumps?
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(1) meningitis (2) parotitis (3) orchitis (4) oophoritis (5) hearing loss
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What is the major cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) and during what season?
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Parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2 in the fall
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With what is parainfluenza virus 3 associated?
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Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children
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What is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants?
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RSV
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What is recommended for infants and young children who are considered "high risk" for RSV?
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Prophylactic passive immunization against RSV by giving humanized monoclonal antibody
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Describe the laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viruses
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Cell cultures are innoculated with respiratory specimens and examined several days later for viral infection
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What is the major therapy for paramyxoviruses?
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Prevention using active immunizaiton for all children or passive immunization for high risk RSV
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What are two zoonotic viruses of the paramyxo family and what can they cause?
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The Nipah virus can cause an encephalitis in pigs and humans and the Hendra virus causes a respiratory illness; the natural reservoir is fruit eating bats
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Of what family is the rubella virus a member and what is it's genome/structure?
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The rubella virus is a member of the togavirus family and is a lipid-envelope icosahedral virus with a +ssRNA genome
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What is the major reason for the rubella vaccine?
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To prevent a congenital rubella syndrome
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What is congenital rubella syndrome?
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When the pregnant mother becomes infected with rubella and transmits the infection to the fetus, causing teratogenic effecst including blindness, deafness, heart or brain defects
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How is congenital rubella syndrome diagnosed?
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The presence of anti-rubella IgM in fetal cord blood detected via ELISA or hemagglutination inhibition assay
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