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36 Cards in this Set
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Paramyxoviridae features
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enveloped, helical symmetry, ssRNA(-),
spherical or pleomorphic (150 nm) with "herring bone" nucleocapsid |
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Paramyxoviridae
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replicates in cytoplasm (inclusion bodies)
genetically stable (single genome) fragile in environment, sensitive to heat, lipid solvents, detergents, disinfectants glycoprotein spikes: Fusion (F) and attachment (H or HN or G)- some species haemagglutinate |
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Latin meanings
Para= myxa= |
next to
mucus |
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Classification: Overall
Family: Maramyxoviridae subfamilies: Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae From Paramyxovirinae Genus: Morbillivurus- Avulavirus- Rubulavirus Henipavirus |
From Paramyxovirinae
Genus: Morbillivurus- Rinderpest, Peste des petits ruminants virus, Canine distemper Avulavirus- Newcastle disease Rubulavirus- Canine parainfluenza 2 Henipavirus- Nipah virus (zoonotic) |
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Genus Morbillivirus
latin= 'morbus, disease |
Measles: SSPE (subacute sclerosing pan enchepalitus)
Canine distemper virus: Old dog encephalitis Phocine distemper Cetacean morbillivirus- dolphins Rinderpest Peste- des-petits-ruminants virus Feline morbillivurus- kidney disease in cats |
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Genus Rubulavirus
rubula inflans= old name for mumps what diseases in: dogs pigs |
MUMPS- dogs may develop lymphangitis
Simian virus 5 (SV-5)- K9 parainfluenza virus 2 (kennel cough) porcine rubulavirus (blue eye disease) Menangle virus (repro failure in pigs) |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Canine Distemper virus
Pathogenesis |
replicate in pharynx, tonsils
cell associated viraemia lymphoreticular tissues immunosuppression spread to target organs virus in brain after 10 days *CNS signs after 4 weeks prolonged persistence in brain- OLD DOG ENCEPHALITIS |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Canine Distemper virus
epidemiology NB: MOST PREVALENT CANINE VIRAL DISEASE |
worldwide, highly contageous
pantropic (resp, CNS and intestinal) signs wide host hange (fox, skunk, racoon, seals, lions - mainly young dogs spread by aerosols and close contact |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Canine Distemper virus
clinical signs |
incubation 1-4 weeks
vary in severity fever, tonsils enlarge, cough, vomit, diarrhea, kyperkeratosis and enamel hypoolasia 50% generalized infections develop nervous signs |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Canine Distemper virus
Diagnosis |
immunostaining of vafinal, conjunctival or buffy coat smears
pathology: intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions antibody titre in CSF PCR is difficult |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Canine Distemper virus
Control |
vaccination (stong immunity)
live attenuated (avian or canine types) avian derived is safer. Not as good immunity but advised. |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Rinderpest (cattle plague)
when eradicated? Epidemiology? |
eradicated 2011 globally
- exotic, scheduled and notifiable - Africa, Middle east (turkey), ** Asian disease spread to Africa - mainly a disease of cattle (can affect ruminants) and some pigs - highly contageous - close contact facilitates spread |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Riderpest (cattle plague)
clinical signs |
fever,
erosions along GIT profuse diarrhea (blood and mucosa) high morbidity and mortality |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Rinderpest
Diagnosis |
zebra stripes in colon and rectum
virus isolation: RT PCR viral antigen detection serology: VN, ELISA |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Rinderpest
Control |
EU slaughter policy
world wide eradication by FAO in 2010 vaccination: modified live and virus vector (pox virus) |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Peste-des-petits-ruminants
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GOAT PLAQUE
goats, sheep, and small wild ruminants similar to rinderpest. exotic scheduled and notifiable |
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Genus Morbillivirus- Peste-des-petits-ruminants
Epidemiology- similar to rinderpest Diagsosis- similar to rinderpest Clinical- similar to rinderpest (plus what?) control- |
clinical signs similar to rinderpest plus resp signs
control: modified live vaccine and the rinderpest vaccine protects! |
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Genus Avulavirus:
Avian paramyxovirus 1 what disease does this cause? |
Pigeon paramyxovirus and Newcastle disease virus
- over 200 susceptible avian species - 5 pathotypes |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
what are the 5 pathotypes? |
1. viscertropic velogenic- most severe
2. neurotropic velogenic- most severe 3. mesogenic 4. lentrogenic respiratory- not pathogenic 5. asympotomatic enteric |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
what is EU definition? |
- intracerebral pathogenicity index > 0.7 (range 0-2)
this means virulent strain vs. non virulent. pathogenicity variations either slaughter policy (if acute outbreak) or not slaughter if all strains under killing policy |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
Epidemiology |
aerosol or faecal/oral spread
wild birds as reservoirs windborne ** difficult to contain. |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
Pathogenesis |
generalized infection
main targets: intestine, respiratory tract and brain |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
clinical signs |
(more severe if Mareks or IBD also present)
* high morbidity, high mortality * fever, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, resp. signs, death * after a few days, ataxia, torticollis, tremors, paresis * twisted necks * necrotic lesions in caeca |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
pathology |
ecchymotic haemorrhages
necrotic foci in intestines |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
diagnosis |
virus isolation: allantoic cavity
RT PCR serology: HAI differentiate from fowl plague and ILT |
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Genus Avulavirus: Newcastle Disease
control |
trade restrictions, stamping out
vaccination: (protect breeder flocks first, this protects broilers also) live lentogenic inactivated |
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Genus Avulavirus: Pigeon Paramyxovirus
* think Newcastle but adapted to Pigeons |
- distinct pigeon strains of avian paramyxovirus 1
- strains increase in virulence after passage in chickens ex. virus in feed in poultry |
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Genus Avulavirus: Pigeon Paramyxovirus
clinical signs |
nervous signs and diarrhea
"stargazing birds" morbidity high but mortality <10% control by vaccination (inactivated) |
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Genus Respirovirus: Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
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- haemagglutinating virus
- infects cattle and sheep (rare in horses) - worldwide distribution (mainly calves) - spread by aerosol - mild resp. disease - associate with Shipping Fever and enzootic pneumonia |
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Genus Respirovirus: Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
diagnosis |
nasal mucus or swabs
FA staining virus isolation |
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Genus Respirovirus: Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
pathology |
- intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions
- cryostats: FA staining - virus isolation - serology (HAI, VN, ELISA, indirect FA) |
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Genus Respirovirus: Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
Control |
- management
vaccination (inactivated and live) ----- in conjunction with vaccines for other agents involved. |
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Genus Pneumovirus: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
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part of enzootic pneumonia complex
- close anigenic relationship Human RSV worldwide young animals (few weeks to 9 months) poor weather may precipitate outbreaks |
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Genus Pneumovirus: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
clinical signs |
high morbidity, 2 main presentations
1. young calves cough, fever mucopurulent nasal discharge 2. older (3-9 months) calves (beef) sudden onset fever, cough, nasal and ocular discharge - 2-3 days later, signs of dyspnoea, lung emphasema up to 20% morality |
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Genus Pneumovirus: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Diagnosis |
detect viral antigen by FA staining
virus isolation (syncytia of cells) - PCR serology: SN, IFA, CFT |
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Genus Pneumovirus: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
control |
management
vaccination (in conjunction with other vaccines) inactivated (subunit) live (parenteral and intranasal) |
