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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the symmetry and structure of paramyxoviridae?
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Helical symmetry, large structure, utilizes fusion proteins
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Does paramyxoviridae have an envelope?
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Yes
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What are the important species of paramyxoviridae?
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Morbillivirus - Canine distemper virus - dog
Rubulavirus - Canine parainfluenza virus 2 - Dog Avulavirus - Newcastle disease virus - Chicken Respirovirus - Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 - Ox Pneumovirus - Bovine Respiratory syncytial virus - Ox |
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What is an additional physical feature of paramyxoviridae?
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large peplomers
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Where is paramyxoviridae membrane fusion utilized?
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Binding of protein to cellular receptor causes conformational activation of F protein
Insertion of fusion peptide into target cell causes membrane fusion Fusion protein leads to a cell with 2 nuclei (syncytia) |
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What is canine distemper virus and what species does it infect?
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Acute, highly contagious disease causing respiratory and CNS signs
Tropism for epithelium and lymphoid tissue Affects: dogs, ferrets, skunks, raccoon |
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What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?
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diphasic fever
ocular/nasal discharge leukopenia vomiting, diarrhea pneumonia CNS signs immunosuppression leading to secondary infections |
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What are the CNS signs of canine distemper virus?
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encephalitis and demyelination
paresis/paralysis convlusions, twitching, chewing-gum fits, paddling |
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What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus relating to the skin?
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footpad hyperkeratosis
nasal hyperkaratosis vesicular and pustular dermatitits - abdomen delayed response due to viral persistance in skin |
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What are the histopathological signs of Canine distemper viurs?
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interstitial pneumonia
intracytoplasmic (and intranuclear) inclusions syncytia |
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What is the prognosis for dogs with GI or respiratory signs?
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fair with good supportive care
may have permanant damage to mucociliary appartus leading to increased susceptilbility to respiratory infections Neuro signs may develop up to 3 months after infection |
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What is the prognosis for dogs with neurological signs?
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poor - damage is usually permanent
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How long can distemper virus be shred in dogs after recovery and what would you recommend to owners?
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3 months in recovered dogs - keep separate from other dogs for a min of 4 weeks
keep separate from puppies, unvaccinated, or immunosuppressed dogs - 3 months |
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Which vaccine is anecdotal associated with the treatment of canine distemper virus?
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New Castle Disease Virus
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What viruses cause kennel cough?
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Canine parainfluenza virus 2
Canine adenovirus 2 Bordetella bronchiseptica |
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What are the clinical signs of Canine parainfluenza virus 2?
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self-limiting subclinical or mild infection
fever nasal/occular discharge sneezing harsh, non-productive cough tonsilitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis tonsilitis, pharyngitis trachobronchitis |
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What is the alternate name for Newcastle disease virus?
*REPORTABLE!* |
Avian paramyxovirus 1
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What is Newcastle disease virus?
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Respiratory, GI, and CNS disease
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What species are affected by Newcastle disease virus?
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chickens
turkeys some pet/zoo birds |
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What are the 3 types of Newcastle disease virus strains?
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1. lentogenic
2. mesogenic 3. velogenic |
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What is important about lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus?
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low virulence
subclinical/mild respiratory disease Endemic in US Used in MLV vaccines |
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What is important about mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus?
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moderately virulent
<25% mortality |
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What is important about velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus?
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high virulence
severe disease exotic periodic outbreaks 90-100% mortality Reportable |
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What are the 2 types of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus?
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viscerotropic - GI hemorrhage
neurotropic - respiratory and CNS |
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What causes virulence in Newcastle disease virus?
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activation of fusion protein by cellular proteases
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What are the clinical signs of Newcastle disease virus?
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respiratory +/- nervous signs
drop in egg production diarrhea hemorrhage periorbital and neck edema conjunctivitis |
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What are the symptoms of Newcastle disease virus when transmitted to people?
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transitory conjunctivitis
flu-like symptoms |
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What disease does Bovine parainfluenze virus 3 contribute to?
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bovine respiratory disease complex along with other viruses (BHV1, BRSV, BVDV, BCoV, and BPIV3), bacteria (M. haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni), and stress
uncomplicated infections: subclinical/mild respiratory disease |
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What is the pathogenesis of Bovine parainfluenze virus 3?
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viral replication in alveolar macrophages and respiratory epithelium
decreased local immunity damage to mucociliary apparatus secondary bacterial pneumonia |
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What is Bovine respiratory syncytial virus?
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respiratory disease of cattle (sheep, goats)
Contributes to bovine respiratory disease complex |
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What disease does Bovine respiratory syncytial virus cause in calves under 6 months of age?
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severe interstitial pneumonia
most severe following initial exposure |
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What are the clinical signs of Bovine respiratory syncytial virus?
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fever
dyspnea, cough, open-mouthed breathing usually recover in 1-2 wks severe disease/death with secondary bacterial pneumonia |
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What pathological changes are associated with Bovine respiratory syncytial virus?
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pneumonia, bronchiolitis
emphysema secondary bacterial infection |
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What are the characteristic features of Bovine respiratory syncytial virus?
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syncytial cells in bronchiolar epithelium
cytoplasmic inclusions |
