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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is single-stranded RNA?
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RNA that has 1 strand of nucleic acid
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What is unique about negative ssRNA?
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Negative ssRNA must first be converted into positive ssRNA before it can be translated.
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What enzyme is needed to aid in te replication of -ssRNA?
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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What is the general site of nucleic acid replication of RNA viruses?
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Cytoplasm
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What RNA viruses are the exceptions?
Where do they replicate? |
Orthomyxoviridae (-ssRNA)
Retrovirus (+ssRNA) Nucleus |
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What is an enveloped virus?
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A virus that has a lipid bilayer outer membrane surrounding its nucleic acid, which when present, plays an important role in viral penetration.
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How do viruses acquire this envelope?
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From host cell membrane secondary to viral host cell budding.
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How do enveloped viruses enter host cells?
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Fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane.
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What are capsids?
What do they look like? |
Proteinaceous shells that surround viruses.
Icosahedral Helical |
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What four genera are in the Paramyxoviridae family?
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Paramyxoviridae
Rubulavirus Morbillivirus Pneumovirinae |
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What are four clinical manifestations caused by Paramyxoviridae infections?
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Parainfluenza/croup (Paramyxoviridae)
RSV (Pneumovirinae Mumps (Rubulavirus) Measles (Morbillivirus) |
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Which Paramyxoviridae membrane lycoprotein is responsible for viral-cell fusion?
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F protein
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What is another name for croup?
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Actue laryngotracheobronchitis
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Do Paramyxoviridae have HA and NA?
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YES
Both are present |
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How is it possible to distinguish beetween influenza and parainfluenza in regards to HA and NA?
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In parainfluenza, HA and NA are on the same surface spikes
In influenza, HA and NA are on different surface spikes. |
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What are the clinical characteristics of parainfluenza?
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Upper and lower respiratory tract infection without viremia.
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In what patient population is respiratory syncytial virus responsible for bronchiolitis?
What is this? |
Palivizumab (Synagis)
A monoclonal antibody to RSV |
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What is the clinical presentation of mumps?
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Swollen parotid glands
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What are three possible postinfection sequelae of mumps?
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Parotitis
Orchitis Aseptic meningitis |
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When is the yearly peak incidence of mumps?
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Winter
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Are HA and NA present in mumps?
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YES
Both are present |
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What is the cell receptor for measles?
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CD46 molecule
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How are measles transmitted?
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Respiratory droplets
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What are the clinical features of measles?
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1) Prodromal period of fever
2) Upper respiratory symptoms 3) Maculopapular rash 4) Koplik spots 5) Conjunctivitis |
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How does the maculopapular rash associated with measles spread?
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Cranial caudally, i.e., away from the head
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What are Koplik spots?
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White spots on brignt-red oral mucous membranes.
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What is the characteristic cytopathoogy of measles?
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Multinucleated giant cells due to fusion of F proteins
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What is a severe complication of measles several years following infection?
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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Are HA and NA present in measles?
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Only HA is present
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