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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Sodium Chloride 0.9%
(Normal Saline) |
Class:source of water and electrolytes
Dosage:Is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient Onset:immediate Duration:depends on the condition of the patient Physiological Actions:typically the first fluid used when hypovolemia is severe enough to threaten the adequacy of blood circulation and has long been believed to be the safest fluid to give quickly in large volumes Clinical Use:intravenous infusion,nasal irrigation,for patients who cannot take fluids orally and have developed or are in danger of developing dehydration or hypovolemia Side Effects:Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation, and hypervolemia Contraindications/Precautions:It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.It should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention. |
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Dextrose 5% in water
D5W |
Classification:
Physiological Actions:Dextrose is a natural sugar found in the body and serves as a major energy source. When used as an energy source, dextrose allows the body to preserve its muscle mass. Side Effects:Redness, swelling, pain, or irritation at the injection site may occur.High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can occur during an injection of dextrose, especially in diabetics. Indications:used to supply water and calories to the body. It is also used as a mixing solution (diluent) for other IV medications. Dosage/Route:solution given by vein (through an IV Contraindications/Precautions:diabetes, heart problems (e.g., congestive heart failure), kidney problems, fluid balance problems (e.g., hypovolemia), low levels of potassium (hypokalemia), vitamin B deficiencies, swelling (edema).This product contains aluminum, which may build up in your body if you use this product for a long time. This buildup may have harmful effects in certain patients (e.g., patients with kidney problems and premature newborns. |
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Glucagon
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Classification:
Physiological Actions: increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia.Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose. Side Effects: in cases of overdose nausea,vomiting,gastric hypotonicity, and kiarehea can be expected. Indications- severe hypoglycemia Dosage/Route: IV/IM/SQ 1mg for adult 0.5mg for pediatric Contraindications/Precautions:Patients with hypersensitivity,certain adrenal problem (pheochromocytoma), tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma). |
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Lactated Ringers
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ACTION:
Lactated Ringers is an isotonic crystalloid solution, used for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Lactated Ringers remains in the vascular for 30-60 minutes. INDICATIONS: Hypovolemic Shock Any condition causing body fluid loss CONTRAINDICATIONS:Congestive Heart Failure;Pulmonary Edema PRECAUTIONS: Use with caution in patients with renal disease Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of circulatory overload ADVERSE REACTIONS: Phlebitis;Venous thrombosis;Fluid overload DOSAGE: Titrate to effect;Pediatric patients start at 20 ml / kg ROUTE: IV HOW SUPPLIED: 1000 ml bags |
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Oxygen
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ACTION:Increased concentrations of oxygen increase the saturation level in the hemoglobin in the red blood cell. This results in an increased oxygenation level at the tissue. Oxygen is required for the efficient breakdown of glucose into a usable energy form.
INDICATIONS:Hypoxia;Oxygen should be used in any type of patient that has or may have a condition in which an increased oxygen level will decrease tissue hypoxia;Chest pain;Abdominal pain;Trauma patients;Respiratory distress CONTRAINDICATIONS:None PRECAUTIONS:Possible oxygen toxicity in COPD patients Never deprive the hypoxic patient of oxygen for fear of respiratory depression ADVERSE REACTIONS:NONE DOSAGE:Minimal distress 4-6liters via nasal canula;moderate distress 10-15liters via non-rebreather,severe distress via Bag-valve mask at the rate of 10-12 breaths per min. attached to 15liters of Oxygen.Patients that do not respond adequately to BVM should be intubated. ROUTE:Non-Rebreather mask,nasal canula,Bag-Valve-Mask,etc. HOW SUPPLIED: Self-Explanatory |
