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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of disease and its causes ?
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Pathology
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The physiology of disordered function ?
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Pathophysiology
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Atrophy , Hypertrophy , Hyperpasia , Metaplasia , Dysplasia ?
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Cellular Adaptations
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Early stage of shock , body compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain normal perfusion ?
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Compensated shock
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Advanced stages of shock when the bodys compensatory mechanisms can no longer mantain normal?
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Decopensated shock
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The study of a disease and its cause?
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Pathology
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The physiology of disordered function ?
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Pathophysiology
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Athrophy , Hypertrophy , Hyperplasia , Metaplasia, Dysplasia
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Cellular adaptations
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A decrease in cell size resulting from a decreased workload ?
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Atrophy
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An increase in cell size resulting from an increase in workload?
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hypertrophy
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Elargment , In referance to the heart?
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Dialation
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An increase in the number of cells resulting from cell division caused by an increased workload?
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Hyperplasia
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Cell division with division of the nucleus?
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Mitosis
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Replacement of one type of cell by another type of cell that is not normal for the tissue?
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Metaplasia
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A change in size , shape , and apperance caused by an external stressor?
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Dysplasia
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Oxygen deficiency ?
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Hypoxia
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A blockage in oxygenated blood to the cells?
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Ischemia
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A microorganism capable of producing infection or disease?
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Pathogen
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A constructive phase of metabolism in which cells convert nonliving substances into cytoplasm? ( Endogenous )
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Anabolism
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The destructive phase of metabolism in which cells breakdown complex substances into simpler substances with release of energy ? ( Ergenous Factor )
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Catabolism
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Swelling of a cell caused by injury?
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Cellular swelling
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A result of cellular injury and swelling in which lipids invade the area of injury ?
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Fatty change
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a response in which a injured cell releases enzymes that engulf and destroy itself? Body rids itself of dead cells ?
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Apoptosis
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Cell death?
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Necrosis
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Excess fluid in the interstitial space?
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Edema
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The liquid part of the blood?
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Plasma
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Red blood cells?
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Erythrocyte
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White blood cells?
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Leukocytes
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Platlets?
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Thrombocytes
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Red blood cells, White blood cells , and platlets?
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Formed elements
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Plasma is _____ % of blood volume?
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54
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WBC and platelets are ____% of blood volume?
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1
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Red blood cells are _____% of blood volume?
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45
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Plasma is made up of how much water?
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92%
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An iron based compound that binds with oxygen and transports it to the cells?
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Hemoglobin
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The percentage of the blood occupied by erythrocytes?
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Hematocrit
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Substance consisting of large molecules that disperse evenly within a liquid without forming a true solution ?
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Colloids
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A protein commonly present in plants and animal tissue ?
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Albumin
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Substances capable of crystallization , they can difuse through a membrane?
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Crystalloids
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Solute concentration or osmotic pressure relative to the blood plasma or body cells?
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Tonicity
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A protein containing colloid . The principle present in albumin?
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Plasma protein fraction
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Contains only human albbumin , each gram holds 18 mililiters?
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Salt poor albumin
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A sugar molecule with osmotic properties similar to protein ?
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Hatastarch
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Have a higher solute concentration than the cells?
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Hypertonic solutions
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Have lower solute concentration than the cells?
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Hypotonic solutions
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Isotonic Electrolyte solution of sodium chloride, potasium chloride , calcium chloride and sodium lactate?
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Lactated Ringers
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Electrolyte solution of of sodium chloride in water?
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Normal saline
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Hypotonic glucose solution ?
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D5W
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Acidity caused by abnormal retention of CO2 resulting from inpaired ventalation ?
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Respiratory acidosis
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Alkalinity caused by excessive elimination of CO2 resulting from increased respirations?
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Respiratory alkalosis
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Acidity caused by an increase in acid often because the increase of increased production of acids during metabolism ?
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Metabolic acidosis
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Alkalinity caused by an increase in plasma bicarbonate?
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Metabolic alkalosis
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An agent that increases urine secretion ?
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Diuretic
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Every human cell contains ____ Chromosomes?
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46
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The most common endocrine disorder is ?
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Diabetes mellitus
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A bleeding disorder that is caused by a genetic clotting factor deficiency ?
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Hemophilia
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A delay between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles?
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Prologation of th QT intervals
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Inadequate perfusion of the body tissues?
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Hypoperfusion
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Hypoperfusion ?
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Shock
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Physiological classifications of shock ?
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Inadequate pump , Inadequate fluids, Inadequate container
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The second stage of metabolism , requires the presence of O2?
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Aerobic metabolism
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The first stage of metabolism , does not require O2?
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Anaerobic metabolism
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Compensated , Decompensated , (Progressive) and Irreversible?
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The stages of shock
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Shock that has progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition?
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Irreversible shock
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Cardiogenic , Hypovolemic , Neurogenic , Anaphylactic , Septic ?
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Types of shock
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Shock caused by insufficent output ?
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Cardiogenic shock
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Shock caused by a loss of intravascular fluid volume ?
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Hypovolemic Shock
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Greatly increased urination and dehydration due to high levels of glucose that cannot be reabsorbed?
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Osmotic Diuresis
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Shock resulting brain or spinal cord injury ? Cant vasso constrict
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Neurogenic Shock
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A life threatening allergic reaction ?
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Anaphylaxis
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Shock that developes as a result of an infection carried by the blood stream ?
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Septic shock
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MODS
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Multi organ dysfunction syndrome
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Single cell organism with a cell membrane but no nucleus?
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Bacteria
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Bacteria , Viruses , Fungi , Parasites , Prions ?
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Infectious agents
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Substances that destroy or inhibit microrganisms ?
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Antibiotics
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A bleeding disorder that is caused by a genetic clotting factor deficiency ?
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Hemophilia
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A delay between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles?
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Prologation of the QT intervals
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Inadequate perfusion of the body tissues?
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Hypoperfusion
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Hypoperfusion ?
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Shock
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Physiological classifications of shock ?
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Inadequate pump , Inadequate fluids, Inadequate container
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The second stage of metabolism , requires the presence of O2?
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Aerobic metabolism
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The first stage of metabolism , does not require O2?
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Anaerobic metabolism
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Compensated , Decompensated , (Progressive) and Irreversible?
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The stages of shock
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Shock that has progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition?
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Irreversible shock
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Cardiogenic , Hypovolemic , Neurogenic , Anaphylactic , Septic ?
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Types of shock
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Toxic substances secretic by bacterial cells during their growth ?
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Exotoxins
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Molecules in the walls of certain gram-negative bacteria that are released when the bacteria dies ?
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Endotoxins
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The systemic spread of toxins through the bloodstream ?
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Septicemia
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An organism much smaller than a bacterium?
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Virus
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Refered to as Intracelluar parasites?
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Viruses
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Anatomical barrier , Inflammatory response , and Immune response ?
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Lines of defense against infections
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_________ defenses are external and nonspecific ?
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Anatomical
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Begins within seconds of injury ?
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Inflammatory response
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Developes slowly and is specific ?
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Immune response
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A marker on the surface of the cell that identifies it as "self" or " non-self" ? Causes a response in the body ?
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Antigen
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A substance produced by B Lympocytes in response to the presence of a forgein antigen ?
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Antibody
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The bodies reactin to forgein antigens?
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Immune response
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A long term condition of protection from infection or disease ?
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Immunity
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Inborn protection against infection ?
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Natural immunity
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Protection from disease that is developed by the body after exsposure?
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Aquired immunity
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A type of Leukocyte or WBC that attacks forgein substances?
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Lymphocyte
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WBC's that in response to antigens produce antibodies that develope a memory for long term immunity ?
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B Lymphocytes
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Longterm immunity to an antigen provided by B lymphocytes?
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Humoral immunity
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WBC's that do not produce antibodies , but attack antigen directly ?
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T lymphocytes
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Short term immunity provided by T Lymphocytes?
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Cell mediated immunity
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Antigens that are able to trigger an immune response ?
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Immunogens
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A group of antigens discovered on the RBC's of monkeys ?
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RH Blood group
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An antigen in the RH blood group, found in about 85 % of people ?
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RH factor
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4 blood groups and what are they ?
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A,B,O, AB , ABO blood groups
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The body's response to injury ?
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Inflammation
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The 4 functions of inflamation ?
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Destroy unwanted substances , Wall off infection , Stimulate immune response, Promote healing
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Large cells resembling bags of granules? They activate the immune response?
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Mast Cells
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The emptying of granules from the interior of the mast cell?
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Degranulation
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A substance released during the degranulation of a mast cell ?
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Histamine
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A substance released by plateletes that affect blood flow ?
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Serotonin
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Chemicals that attract white blood cells to the site of inflamation ?
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Chemotactic factors
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Substance that is synthesized by mast cells during the inflammatory response that cause vassodialation ?
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Leukotrienes
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Substance that is synthesized by mast cells during the inflammatory response that causes vassodilation ?
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Prostaglandins
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Cells that secrete collagen ?
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Fibroblasts
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A liquid mixture of dead cells?
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Puss
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A tumor that forms when foreign bodies that cannot be destroyed by microphages?
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Granuloma
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The complete healing of a wound and return of tissues to their normal structures ?
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Resolution
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Healing of a wound with scar formation ?
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Repair
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An exaggerated and harmful immune response?
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hypersensitivity
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An exaggerated immune response ( enviromental ) ?
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Allergy
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An immune response to self antigen ?
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Autoimmunity
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An immune response to to antigens from another member of the same species ?
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Isoimmunity
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Four types of hypersensitivity reactions ?
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Type 1 - 4
IGE reaction , Tissue specific , Immune complex-mediated , cell mediated reaction |
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Two types of immune deficency ?
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Congenital , Acquired
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Deficiencies that are caused by medical treatment ?
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Latrogenic
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Enlargement of the cortex , Atrophy of the thymus gland , Developement of bleeding ulcers?
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Triad of stress Effects
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The cause of stress ?
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Stressor
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A sequence of stress responses?
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General adaptation syndrome
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A steroid hormone release by the adrenal cortex ?
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Cortisol
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Central nervous system to the Immune system ?
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Pathway 1
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