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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adventitious breath sounds |
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes rhonchi rales Strider and pleural friction rub |
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Alert and oriented |
A determination made when assessing mental status by looking at whether the patient is oriented the four elements person place time and the event itself each element provides information about different aspects of the patient's memory |
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Aphasia |
The impairment of language that affects the production or understanding of speech in the ability to read or write |
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Ascites |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Aspiration |
Introduction of vomit or other foreign and materials into the lungs |
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Auscultation |
The method of listening to the sounds within the body with a stethoscope |
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Avpu |
A method of assessing mental status by determining whether a patient is awake and alert responsive to verbal stimuli or pain or unresponsive used principally in the primary assessment |
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Battle sign |
Bruising over the mastoid process which may be indicative of a skull fracture also known as raccoon eyes |
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Beck Triad |
The combination of narrowed pulse pressure muffled heart tones and jugular venous distention a Saudi associated with cardiac tamponade usually resulting from penetrating chest trauma |
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Blood pressure |
The measurement of the force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels as the heart contracts and relaxes it is calculated as the product of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance |
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Bronchophony |
A test of decreased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the area in question while the patient says 99 a loud clear sound indicates lung consolidation |
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Bronchovesicular sounds |
Pertaining to the bronchial tubes and the alveoli with special reference to sounds intermediate between bronchial or tracheal sounds with a alveolar sounds |
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Bruit |
An abnormal woosh like sound of turbulent blood flow moving through a narrowed artery usually heard in the carotid arteries |
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Capnometry |
The use of a capnometer a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide |
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Capnography |
A non-invasive diagnostic tool that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory and circulatory status |
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Cerumen |
Ear wax |
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Chief complaint |
The problem for which the patient is seeking help |
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Crepitus |
Crackling grating or grinding that is often felt their heard when two ends of bone rub together |
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Current health status |
Composite picture of a number of factors in the patient's life such as dietary habits current medications allergies exercise alcohol or tobacco use recreational drug use sleep patterns and disorders and immunizations |
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Cushing reflex |
The combination of a slowing pulse rising blood pressure and erratic respiratory patterns a grave sign for patients with head trauma or cerebrovascular accident |
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Cyanosis |
A bluish gray skin color is caused by reduced levels of oxygen in the blood |
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Dcap-btls |
A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for deformities contusions abrasions punctures penetrations Burns tenderness lacerations and swelling |
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Delirium |
Change in mental status that is marked by the inability to focus think logically and maintain attention |
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Dementia |
The slow onset of progressive disorientation short attention span and loss of cognitive function |
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Dermatomes |
Distinct area of skin that correspond to specific spinal or cranial nerve levels or sensory nerves enter the central nervous system |
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Dermis |
The tough highly elastic layer of connective tissues underlying the dermis |
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Diaphoresis |
Excessive sweating it is also often associated with shock |
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Diastolic pressure |
The result of a residual pressure in the circulatory system my left ventricle is relaxing |
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Differential diagnosis |
The process of weighing the probability of one disease versus other diseases by comparing clinical findings that could account for a patient's illness |
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Diplopia |
Double vision |
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Ecchymosis |
Localized bruising or blood collection within or under the skin |
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Egophony |
A test of decreased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the area in question while the patient says I sound indicate lung consolidation |
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Epidermis |
The outermost layer of skin that acts as the body's first line of defense |
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Fibroblasts |
Cells that secrete collagen elastin and ground substance |
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Field impression |
A determination what you think is the patient's current problem usually based on the patient history and the chief complaint |
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Focused assessment |
A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained an isolated injury or unresponsive medical patients this type of examination is based on the chief complaint of focus on one body system or part |
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Full body exam |
A systemic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment of a patient who sustained significant mechanism of injury is unresponsive or is in critical condition |
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General impression |
The overall and initial impression that determines the priority for patient care based on the patient's surroundings the mechanism of injury signs and symptoms and the chief complaint |
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Glasgow coma scale |
An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point value scores for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled, effective in predicting patient outcomes |
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Guarding |
Contraction of the abdominal muscles in patients |
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Heave |
A sensation felt upon palpitation of the chest wall, in which the heart beats extremely strongly, suggests hypertrophy also called a lift |
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Hernia |
Protrusion of any organ through an opening into a body cavity where it does not belong |
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History of present illness |
Information about the Chief complaint, obtained using the opqrst mnemonic |
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Iatrogenic |
Related to a side effect or complication of treatment |
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Inspection |
Looking at the patient either in general or at specific area |
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Jugular venous distention |
Distention of the veins in the neck indicating decreased venous return to the heart |
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Kortokoff sounds |
Sounds related to blood pressure measurement that are heard by stethoscope |
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Kyphosis |
Outward curve of the thoracic spine |
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Lift |
Sensation felt upon palpation of the chest wall in which the heart beats extremely strongly suggest hypertrophy also called a heave |
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Lordosis |
Inward curve in lumbar spine just above the buttocks and exaggerated front of lordosis results in the condition known as swayback |
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Mechanism of injury |
The series of events that result in traumatic injuries, the forces that act on the body to cause damage |
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Mottling |
A blotchy pattern on the skin, a typical finding in states of severe protracted hypoperfusion and shock |
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Murmur |
An abnormal woosh like sound heard over the heart that indicates turbulent blood flow around a cardiac valve |
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Nature of illness |
The general type of illness a patient is experiencing |
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Ophthalmoscope |
An instrument used to look into a patient's eyes And view the retina and aqueous fluid, consist of a concave mirror and a battery powered light that is usually contained in the handle |
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Orthostatic vital signs |
Assessing Vital Signs in two different patient positions |
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Otoscope |
A tool used to examine the ears of a patient consists of a head and a handle the head contains an electric light source in a low-power magnifying lens |
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Pallor |
Paleness |
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Palpitation |
Physical touching for the purpose of obtaining information |
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Paresthesias |
Tingling feeling or sensory change |
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Past medical history |
Information obtained during the history taking process such as the patient's General state of health childhood and adult diseases surgeries and hospitalizations psychiatric and mental illness or traumatic injuries which may relate to a patient's current problem |
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Pathologic fracture |
A fracture that occurs when normal forces are applied to abnormal bone structures |
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Patient history |
Information about the patient's Chief complaint presents symptoms and previous illnesses |
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Percussion |
Gently striking the surface of the body typically overlying various body cavities to detect changes in the densities of the underlying structures |
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Perfusion |
The body's ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level and to remove the waste products of the metabolism for elimination |
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Pertinent negative |
A lack of certain signs and symptoms one would normally expect to see a specific to illnesses or conditions |
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Physiologic fracture |
A fracture that occurs when abnormal forces are applied to normal bone structures |
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Pleural friction rubs |
Squeaking or grating sounds that occur when the pleural Linings rub together which may be heard on inspiration expiration or both commonly caused by inflammation of the pleura |
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Primary assessment |
The part of the assessment process that focuses on identifying immediately or potentially life-threatening condition so that you can initiate life-saving care |
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Primitive reflexes |
Reflex reactions such as bobinski grasping and sucking signs normally found in young patients |
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Proprioception |
The ability to perceive the position and movement of one's body or limbs |
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Pulse |
The palpitation of the heart beat by using the fingers at a point where an artery passes close to a bone |
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Pulse oximetry |
An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds |
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Rales |
Rattling bubbling or crackling lung sounds indicate of of fluid in the small Airways also known as crackles |
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Rapid exam |
A 62 92nd non-systemic review and palpitation of the patient's body to identify injuries that must be managed or protected immediately conducted during the primary assessment includes the pneumonic dcap-btls |
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Reassessment |
The part of the assessment process in which problems re-evaluated and responses to treatment are assessed |
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Reflexes |
Involuntary motor responses to specific sensory stimuli such as a tap on the knee or stroking the eyelash |
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Rhonchi |
Lung sounds that resemble snoring |
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Rubor |
Redness one of the classic signs of inflammation |
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Scene size up |
A quick assessment of the scene and its surroundings made to provide information about seeing safety in the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care |
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Scoliosis |
Sideways curvature of the spine |
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Secondary assessment |
The process by which more detailed quantifiable objective information obtained from a patient about his or her overall state of health |
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Signs |
Indications of illness or injury that examiner can see hear feel smell and so on |
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Sphygmomanometer |
A blood pressure cuff |
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Splitting |
In the context of heart sounds a situation in which events on the right side of the heart occur slightly later than those on the left side and create two discernible sounds rather than one heart sound |
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Stridor |
A harsh high-pitched crowing inspiratory sound such as the sound often heard an acute laryngeal obstruction |
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Symptoms |
The pain discomfort or other abnormality that the patient feels |
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Systolic pressure |
Blood pressure created by the left ventricle while it is Contracting |
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Tenting |
A condition in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away slightly from the body a sign of dehydration |
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Thrill |
A humming by bration that can be palpated through the chest wall suggest an underline bruit or murmur |
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Turgor |
Loss of elasticity in the skin |
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Vasoconstriction |
Narrowing of a blood vessel such as the hypoperfusion or cold extremities |
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Vasodilation |
Widening of a blood vessel |
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Vesicular sounds |
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of alveoli heard over a normal lung |
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Visual acuity |
The ability or inability to see and how well one can see |
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Wheezing |
A high-pitched whistling breath sound caused by air travel through narrowed air passages within the bronchioles a sign of lower airway obstruction |
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Whispered pectoriloquy |
A test of just creased breath sounds performed by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the area in question while the patient Whispers 99 allowed clear sound indicates lung consolidation |
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Concept formation |
Pattern of understanding based on initially obtained information |
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Cookbook medicine |
Blindly following a protocol or algorithm without thinking about what you were doing and whether or not it is working |
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Data interpretation |
The process of reaching conclusions based on comparing the patient's presentation with information from your training education and past experiences |
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Medical ambiguity |
Vague or unclear aspects of Medicine |
