Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Medium in which all metabolic reactions occur
|
Body Water
|
|
|
Fluid inside all body cells
|
Intracellular fluid
|
|
|
40% of total body weight
|
Intracellular fluid
|
|
|
Fluid found outside the cells
|
Extracellular fluid
|
|
|
20% of total body weight
|
Extracellular fluid
|
|
|
ECF between the cells and outside the vascular bed
|
Interstitial Fluid
|
|
|
15-16% of total body weight
|
Interstitial Fluid
|
|
|
Water accounts for what percentage of total body weight in adults ?
|
50 - 60%
|
|
|
Water accounts for what percentage of total body weight in infants ?
|
About 80%
|
|
|
Water accounts for what percentage of total body weight in childhood ?
|
60-65%
|
|
|
Water accounts for what percentage of total body weight in the elderly ?
|
45-55%
|
|
|
Flow of fluid across a semipermiable membrane from a lower solute concentration to higher one
|
Osmosis
|
|
|
Solution that has a higher solute concetration (and lower water concentration) than that inside a cell
|
Hypertonic
|
|
|
Solution that causes a cell to shrink
|
Hypertonic
|
|
|
Solution that causes a cell to swell
|
Hypotonic
|
|
|
Solution that has a lower solute concentration (and a higher water concentration) than that inside the cell
|
Hypotonic
|
|
|
A passive process in which molecules or ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
|
Diffusion
|
|
|
Mechanisms required to move large, water-soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across the cell membranes
|
Mediated Transport Mechanisms
|
|
|
Proteins that combine with solute molecules on one side of a membrane, change shape, pass through the membrane then release the solute molecule on the other side
|
Carrier Molecules
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Sodium Bicard |
Hypertonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
D-50 |
Hypertonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Manitol |
Hypertonic
|
|
|
Fluids
Treatment of cerebral edema |
Manitol
|
|
|
Fluids
treatment of metabolic acidosis |
Sodium Bicrbonate
|
|
|
Fluids
Treatment of profound hypoglycemia |
D-50 (50% Dextrose)
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
By Drawing tissue fluid into the vascular space, these solutions may reduce both the volume of the infussion and the occurance of pulmonary problems after resuscitation |
Hypertonic
Dextran, hetastarch, and sodium chloride |
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Supply the patient with calories, replenish salt and water (water drawn into the cells) |
Hypotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Used to hydrate patients |
Hypotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
2.5% dextrose in water |
Hypotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
.45% normal saline |
Hypotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
D-5-W |
Isotonic, but acts physiologically as hypotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Usually given to replace extracellular fluid |
Isotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Volume relacement due to blood loss or vomiting |
Isotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
May be prescribed for any patient in whom the chloride loss equals or exceeds the sodium loss |
Isotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
.9% Normal Saline |
Isotonic
|
|
|
Hyper Hypo Iso Fluids
Lactated Ringers |
Isotonic
|
|
|
The exchange of nutrients and metabolic end products takes place in ....
|
Capillaries
|
|
|
Control capillary blood flow
|
capillary shincter
|
|
|
Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces
|
Edema
|
|
|
This is a problem of fluid distribution and does not always indicate a fluid excess
|
Edema
|
|
|
And increase in hydrostatic pressure, a decreases in the plasma oncotic pressure, an increase in capillary permiability or lymphatic obstruction can cause ...
|
Edema
|
|
|
Venus obstruction or sodium and water retention can cause...
|
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
|
|
|
The formation of a blood clot and inflammation in a vein
|
Thrombophlebitis
|
|
|
Sodium and water retention can cause an increase in circulating fluid volume...also known as...
|
Volume Overload
|
|
|
Sodium and water retention can cause
|
Edema
|
|
|
CHF and renal failure are two conditions associated with retention of....
|
Sodium and water retention
|
|
|
This condition most often results from liver disease or protein malnutrition
|
Decrease plasma oncotic pressure
|
|
|
Allergic reactions, inflamation and the immune response triggered by trauma can cause what in the capillaries
|
Increased Capillary Permiability
|
|
|
Water balance is mainly regulated by what hormone
|
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone |
|
|
An increase in plasma osmolality or a decrease in circulating blood volume and a decline in venous and arterial pressure will trigger release of what?
|
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone |
|
|
What regulates water balance
|
Sodium
|
|
|
Dehydration
Excessive loss of sodium and water in equal amounts |
Isotonic dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Loss of more water than sodium |
Hypernatremic Dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Loss of more sodium than water |
Hyponatremic Dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Severe or long term vomiting or diarrhea Systemic infection intestinal obstruction |
Isotonic Dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Diuretics Continued intake of sodium in the absence of water consumption Excessive loss of with little loss of sodium profuse, watery diarrhea |
Hypernatremic Dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Volmue replacemnet choice for Hypernatremic Dehydration |
Isotonic Fluids
|
|
|
Dehydration
Diuretics excessive perspiration (heat related) salt-losing renal disorders increased water intake |
Hyponatremic Dehydration
|
|
|
Dehydration
Fluid choice for hyponatremic dehydration |
Isotonic fluids
LR or NSL |
|
|
Abnormally low level of potassium in the blood
|
Hypokalemia
|
|
|
what electrolyte plays a vital role in normal function of the nerves, cardiac system and skeletal muscle
|
Potassium
|
|
|
Imbalances with this electrolyte may cause cardiac rythm disturbances
|
Potassium
|
|
|
Abnormally high level of potassium in the blood
|
Hyperkalemia
|
|
|
Name the two types of acid produced in the body
|
Respiratory acids
Metabolic acids |
|
|
What are the two main regulators of Acid-Base blance in the body
|
Lungs
Kidneys |
|
|
What secretes respiratory acids
|
Lungs
|
|
|
What secrete metabolic acids
|
Kidneys
|
|
|
Materials that release or donate hydrogen ions
|
Acids
|
|
|
Materials that receive or absorb hydrogen ions
|
Bases
|
|
|
Normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate
|
1:20
|
|
|
What controls the rate of breathing
|
Carbon dioxide level in the blood
|
|
|
Concentration of carbonic acid is controlled by what
|
Lungs
|
|
|
Concentration of bicarbonite is controlled by what
|
Kidneys
|
|
|
Any condition that increases the carbonic acid or decreases the base bicarbonate cause...
|
Acidosis
|
|
|
Any condition that increases base bicarbonate or decreases carbonic acid causes...
|
Alkalosis
|
|
|
Respiratory acidosis is caused by the retention of...
|
Carbon Dioxide
|
|
|
Metabolic acidosis is caused by a buildup of ________ or a loss of ________
|
Acid, Base
|
|
|
List the four most common forms of metabolic acidosis
|
Lactic acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis renal failure Toxins |
|
|
What acid is made when a large number of cells are inadequately perfused
|
Lactic Acid
|
|
|
What are possible treatments for lactic acidosis
|
Hyperventilation
rehydration IV sodium bicarb |
|
|
What is a common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Failure to take insulin
|
|
|
What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Normal Saline for volume repletion
|
|
|
What do the kidneys reabsorb or secrete to help maintain acid-base balance
|
bicarbonate or hydrogen ions
|
|
|
By decreasing the Pco2, hyperventilation can cause..
|
Respiratory Alkalosis
|
|
|
Acid condition caused by anerobic metabolism and lactic acidosis
|
Metabolic acidosis
|
|
|
Treatment for metabolic acidosis involves...
|
neutralizing the acid by reistablishing tissue perfusion and cardiac output
|
