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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four types of burns?
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Thermal
Electrical Chemical Radiation |
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Denature
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Alter the usual substance of something.
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Jackson's Theory of Thermal Wounds
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Explanation of the physical effects of thermal burns.
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Zone of Coagulation
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Area in a burn nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thrombosed blood vessels.
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Zone of Stasis
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Area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow.
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Zone of Hyperemia
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Area peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow.
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Emergent Phase
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First stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction.
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Fluid Shift Phase
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Stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space.
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Intravascular Space
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The volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system.
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Extravascular Space
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The volume contained by all the cells and the space between the cells.
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Hypermetabolic Phase
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Stage of the burn process in which there is increased body metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the burn.
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Resolution Phase
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Final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed.
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Voltage
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The difference of electrical potential between to points with different concentrations of electrons.
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Current
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The rate of flow of an electric charge. (Ampere)
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Ampere
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Basic unit for measuring the strength of an electrical current.
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Resistance
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Property of a conductor that opposes the passage of an electric current. (Ohm)
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Ohm
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Basic unit for measuring the strength of electrical resistance.
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Ohm's Law
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The physical law identifying that the current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
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Joule's Law
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The physical law stating that the rate of heat production is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current.
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Why can electrical burns be particularly damaging?
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Because the current burns the victim from the inside out.
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Process of Acid Burns
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Usually form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue through coagulation necrosis, limiting burn damage.
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Process of Alkalis Burns
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Usually continue to destroy cell membranes through liquefaction necrosis, allowing them to penetrate underlying tissue and causing deeper burns.
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Coagulation Necrosis
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The process in which an acid, while destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that limits further damage.
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Liquefaction Necrosis
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The process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue.
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Ionization
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The process of charging a substance into seperate charged particles (ions).
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Alpha Radiation
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Low-level form of nuclear radiation; a weak source of energy that is stopped by clothing or the first layers of skin.
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Beta Radiation
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Medium-strength radiation that is stopped with light clothing or the uppermost layers of skin.
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Gamma Radiation
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Powerful electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances with powerful penetrating properties; it is stronger than alpha and beta radiation.
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Neutron Radiation
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Powerful radiation with penetrating properties between that of beta and gamma radiation.
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What are the three factors that affect exposures to radiation?
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Duration of exposure
Distance from the source Shielding from the source |
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Rad
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Basic unit of absorbed radiation dose.
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Gray
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A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads.
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Geiger Counter
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Measures the radiation exposure level.
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Dosimeter
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Records cumulative exposure.
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What are the hazards associated with fire in an enclosed enviroment?
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Heat
Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide Cyanide |
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What type of injury should you becatious of when the injury occured in an enclosed space/
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Inhalation
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What should you suspect if a patient was in an enclosed space during combustion?
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
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Supraglottic
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Refering to the upper airway.
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Subglottic
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Refering to the lower airway.
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What is a common cause of airway burns?
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Superheated Steam
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Superficial Burn
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A burn that involves only the epidermis; characterized by reddening of the skin; also called a first-degree burn.
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Partial Thickness Burn
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Burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged ; characterized by redness and blistering; also called a second degree burn.
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Full Thickness Burn
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Burn that damages all layers of the skin; characterized by areas that are white and dry ; also called a third degree burn.
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Body Surface Area (BSA)
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Amount of a patient's body surface, expressed as a percentage, usually related to the extentof a burn injury.
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Rule of Nine
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Method of estimating amount of body surface area burned by a division of the body into regions, each of which represents approximately 9 percent of total BSA (Plus 1 percent for the genital region).
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Rule of Palms
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Method of estimating the amount of body surface area burned that sizes the area burned in comparison to the patient's palmar surface.
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Eschar
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Hard, leathery product of a deep full thickness burn; it consists of dead and denatured skin.
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It may be acceptable in some systems to cover burns with a _____ versus _____ dressing.
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Clean; sterile
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Who should be considered for a more serious burn injury?
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Patients with a preexisting illness or disease or any pediatric or geriatric patients.
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Early in the assessment of burn patients, look for and extinguish what?
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Smoldering shoes, belts, or watchbands.
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Facial burns or carbonaceous material around the mouth and nose suggest the potential for what?
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Chemical and thermal burns to the airway.
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In cases of severe airway burns, when should you intubate and why?
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Intubate early becuase if intubation is delayed until the patient arrives at the emergency department, the airway may be so edematous that it may be difficult or impossible to intubate.
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What burns are of particular concern?
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Burns to the face, hands, feet, joints, genitalia, and circumferential burns.
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How long do first degree burns take to heal?
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3 - 6 days
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How long do second degree burns take to heal?
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2 - 4 weeks
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How long do third degree burns take to heal?
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May require skin grafting.
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When should a head to toe assesment be done on the scene?
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Only if significant and life threatening burns cna be ruled out.
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Cool water immersion of minor localized burns may be effective if accomplished by when?
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Within the first few minutes.
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How shoud you care for partial and full thickness burns?
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Cover with a dry sterile dressing or a clean sheet, keep the patient warm, and initiate fluid resucitation.
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How should you bandage areas such as the fingers and toes?
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Use soft, nonadherant dressings between areas of full thickness burns.
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Be catious and conservative when administering fluids to the burn patient with a what type of injury?
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Inhalation Injury
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What should you wait for in aproaching the electrical burn patient?
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Wait for the power to be turned off.
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Electrical burn patients should be monitored with what?
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The ECG
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In dealing with a chemical burn, what precaution should be taken?
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Ensure that no one else becomes contaminated.
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How should you treat unkonwn chemical burn agents?
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Irregate with copious amounts of cool water.
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What should you not do for chemical burns?
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Do not use any antidote or any neutralizing agents.
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Biepharospasm
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Twitching of the eyelids.
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How long should irrigate alkali burns to the eyes?
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For at least 15 minutes.
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Why is radiation a danger to EMS personnel?
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Because radiation can be neither seen nor felt.
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What are the factors in determining radiation dose exposure.
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Duration, Distance, and Shielding
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When does the radiation injury patient presents no radiation danger to caregivers?
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Once they are properly decontaminated.
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