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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Some skills that have been mainstays of prehospital trauma care often do not affect patietns outcome and, worse, they occasionally what?
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Increase patient mortality and morbidity.
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Of all the care procedures and advanced interventions available to treat the trauma patient, none has more promise for reducing mortality and morbidity than what?
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Prevention
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Malse between 13 and 35 years of age account for about what percent of all serious trauma injuries and over what percent of all trauma deaths?
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27%, 30%
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Dispatch information provides what?
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The nature of the call andmay suggest hazards at the scene.
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What are the 4 key elements of scene size up?
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Determine the mechanism of injury
Identify scene hazards including the Standard Precautions required Account for and locate all patients Request any additional resources |
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Assess the emergency scene quickly and carefully, looking for what?
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Scene hazards
Possible mechanisms of injury The location of patients Possible need for additional resources |
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Analyze the mechanism of injury to determine what?
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Likely Injuries
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Your ambulance should carry the DOT's what?
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Emergency Response Guidebook
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Realize that the risk of infection from body substances extends to your patient and you, especially when?
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When dealing with trauma.
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Anticipate the number of patients at the trauma scene and do what?
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Search them out as you arrive.
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Waiting until later in the call to summon additional resources will delay their arrival and possibly what?
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Possibly hinder your ability to access and care for patients.
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What are seven occasions when you should employ spinal precautions?
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Mechanism of injury suggest the possibility of any spinal injury
Suspicion of any extremes of flexion/extension, lateral bending, axial loading, distraction, rotation, or any direct penetrating or blunt forces expressed to the neck Patient with a reduced level of consciousness (due to injury, intoxiaction, or shock) Patient with any significant injury above the shoulders Patient complaining of any pain along the spinal column Patient complaining of any limb numbness or tingling ANy other unusual distal neurologic signs |
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If your general patient impression and the mechanism of injury suggest different levels of injury severity, base your care on what?
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The worst-case scenario.
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Consider the airway to be clear if the patient what?
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Answers your questions with clear, full, well-articulated sentences.
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Consider early intubation if the patient displays any what?
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Stridor, snoring, gurgling, wheezing, or if the gag reflex is absent.
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A critical element of the initial assessment is what?
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Detecting the earliest signs of shock.
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If the patient has consumed alcohol or is otherwise affected by drugs, be what?
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Especially watchful and wary.
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Who should you consult for your system's position on trauma arrest resuscitation?
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Consult your local protocols and medical director.
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What are the 5 basic assessment techniques?
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Questioning
Inspection Palpation Auscultation Percussion |
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Use the rapid trauma assessment for patients who meet trauma triage critera or what?
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Who you suspect to have sufered serious injury.
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While you will rarely use the detailed physical exam in the field, elements of it are used when?
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During the focused exam or rapid trauma assessment.
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What are the 6 elements of a trauma history?
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Signs and symptoms
Allergies Medications Past medical history Last oral intake Events leading to the incident |
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The initial vital signs form a baseline for evaluation against which you can tell what?
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Trend changes in the patient's condition.
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The revised trauma score combines the Glasgow Coma Scale score with what?
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The patients respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure.
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Treat and release only those patients with very minor and isolated injuries and do so only if what?
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Your system's protocols permit it
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What are the 4 steps to follow if a patient refuses treatment?
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Suggest strongly that the patient should recieve assessment, care, and transport.
Warn the patient of the dangers of refusing assessment, care, and transport. Suggest the patient see a family physician. Encourage the patient to contact EMS again if the problem persists or worsens. |
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What are 9 signs of deterioration during ongoing assessment?
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Increasing pule rate.
Decreasing pulse strength. Narrowing pulse pressure. Increasing respiratory rate. Decreasing respiratory volume. Increasing capillary refill time. Decreasing level of consciousness or orientation. Changes in skin color or temperature. Increasing anxiety or restlessness. |
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Hypovolemia
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Reduced volume in the cardiovascular system.
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Hypotension
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Lower than normal blood pressure.
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Hypoperfusion
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Inadequate perfusion of body tissues resulting in inadequate supplies of oxygen and nutrients to body tissue; also called shock.
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What are the 4 basic steps of shock trauma resuscitation?
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Providing airway protection with endotracheal intubation or rapid sequence intubation.
Assuring adequate oxygenation and ventilations. Providing rapid fluid resuscitation with isotonic solution. Performing pleural decompression. |
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Hypothermia is a relatively unappreciated complication of what?
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Serious trauma and shock.
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Research has clearly demonstrated that the best way to reduce trauma mortality is to bring seriously injured patient to what?
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Surgery as quickly as possible.
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The effects of trauma on the pediatric patient are different from those of who?
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Those on the adult.
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What is the greatest cause of death and disability in the pediatric patient over 1 year of age?
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Trauma
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The pediatric patient may lose up to what percent of blood volume before signs of shock appear?
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25%
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If you cannot obtain normal venous access, consider what?
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Intraosseous site in pediatric patients.
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Who is the fastest growing group requiring emergency medical services?
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Geriatric Patients
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The problem that leads a geriatric patient to call EMS is often masked or confused by what?
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Signs and symptoms of preexisting disease or by a diminished response to pain.
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What are the 4 key elements for the patient care report?
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Mechanism of injury.
Results of assessment. Interventions. Results of interventions. |
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It is essential that information exchange among care providers be what?
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Rapid, thorough, and accurate.
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For your personal safety, and that of your team, patients, and bystanders, you must dispose of all sharps in what?
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A puncture-proof container and all contaminated material in biohazard bags.
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If ground transport time will exceed 30 minutes, what should be warranted?
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Helicopter Transport
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When establishing a helicopter landing zone, choose a site that is what?
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Free of debris, trees, utility wires and poles, and that is relativley flat and appropriately sized for the helicopter.
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How should you approach a helicopter?
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Approach a helicopter only from the front and only under the direction of the flight crew.
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Any patient recieving air medical transport must be firmly what?
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Immobilized during flight.
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The working space in a helicopter is limited, so try to compete all crucial procedures before when?
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Before you load the patient.
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What will continue to change the way we deliver prehospital emergency care?
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Research
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