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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Assay
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Purity of the drug
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Bio equivalence
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Relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs
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Bioassay
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A test to ascertain a drugs availability in a biological model
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Teratogenic
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Medication that could deform or kill the fetus
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Pharmacokinetic
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Absorption
Distribution Biotransformation Elimination |
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Active Transport
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Uses energy to move a substance
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Facilitated Transport
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Carrier proteins transport of large molecules across the cell membrane
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Facilitated Transport
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Carrier proteins transport of large molecules across the cell membrane
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Passive Transport
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Movement without energy
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Facilitated Transport
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Carrier proteins transport of large molecules across the cell membrane
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Facilitated Transport
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Carrier proteins transport of large molecules across the cell membrane
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Passive Transport
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Movement without energy
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Osmosis
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High pressure to a lower Pressure
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Passive Transport
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Movement without energy
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Diffusion
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High concentrate to a low concentrate
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Osmosis
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High pressure to a lower Pressure
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Ionize
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Becomes electrically charged or polar
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Bioavailability
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The amount of drug that is active after it reaches its target tissue
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Blood-brain barrier
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Tight junctions of the capillary endothelial cells in the CNS vascular through which only non-protien bound and highly lipid soluble drugs can pass
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Placental barrier
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Biochemical barrier at the maternal/fetal interface that restricts certain molecules
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Metabolism
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The body breaking down chemical into different chemicals
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Bio-transformation
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Special name given to the metabolism of drugs
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Prodrug
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Medications that is not active when administered but whose bio-transformation converts it into active metabolites
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First-pass effect
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Liver partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches the systemic cirulation
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Oxidation
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Loss of hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom, this increased the positive charge
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Hydrolysis
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The breaking of a chemical bond by adding water
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Enteral Route
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Medications that are delivered through the gastrointestinal tract
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Parenteral Route
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Medications delivered outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Typically needle injections
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Receptor
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A specialized protein that combines with a drug resulting in a biochemical effect
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Affinity
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The force of attraction between a drug and a receptor
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Efficacy
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The drugs ability to cause the expected response
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Second Messenger
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Chemical that participates in a complex cascading reaction that eventually causes a drugs desired effect.
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Down-Regulation
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Blinding of a drug or hormone to a target cell receptor that causes a number of receptors to decrease
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Up-Regulation
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A drug that causes the formation of more receptors then normal
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Agonist
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A drug that binds to a receptor and causes an expected response
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Antagonist
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A drug that binds to a receptor site and doesn't cause a it to initiate the expected response
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Agonist-Antagonist
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A drug that blinds to a receptor and stimulates some of its effects but blocks others
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Competitive Antagonist
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One drug that blinds to a receptor and causes the expected effect while also blocking another drug from triggering the same receptor
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Non-competitive Antagonist
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The blinding of an antagonist causes a deformity of the blinding site that prevents an agonist from fitting and blinding
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Irreversible Antagonism
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A competitive antagonist permanently blinds with a receptor site
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Drug response relationship
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Correlation of different amounts of a drug to clinical reponse
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Plasma-level profile
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Describes the lengths of onset, duration and termination of the action as well as the drug's minimum effective concentration and toxic levels
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Onset of action
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The time from the administration until a medication reaches its minimum effective concentration
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Minimum effective concentration
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Minimum levels of a drug needed to cause a given effect
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Duration of action
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Length of time the amount of drug remains above its minimum effective concentration
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Termination of action
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Time from when the drug's level drops below its minimum effective concentration until it is eliminated from the body
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Therapeutic index
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Ratio of a drug's lethal dose for 50% of the population to its effective dose for 50% of the population
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Biologic half-life
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Time the body takes to clear one-half of a drug
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Prototype
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Drug that best demonstrates the class's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics
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Neuron
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Nerve cell
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Analgesic
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Medication that relieves the sensation of pain
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Analgesia
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The absence of the sensation of pain
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Anesthesia
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The absence of all sensation
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Adjunct medication
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Agent that enhances the effect of another drug
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Anesthetic
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Medication that induces the loss of sensation to touch and pain
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Neuroleptanesthesia
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Anesthesia that combines the decreased sensation of pain with amnesia while the patient remains conscious
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Psychotherapeutics Medications
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Drugs that treat mental dysfunction
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Major diseases treated with psychotherapeutic medications
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Schizophrenia
Depression Bipolar disorder |
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Extrapyramidal symptons
(ESP) |
Common side effect of antipsychotic medications: Muscle like tremors and parkinsonism-like effects
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Major classes of antipsychotic medications
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Phenothiazines
Butyrophenones Atypicals |
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Major classes of antidepressant medications
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TCA's
SSRI's MAOI's |
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Autonomic nervous system
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Controls involuntary actions
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Autonomic ganglia
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Autonomic nerve cells outside of the CNS
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Preganglionic nerves
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Nerve fibers that extend from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia
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Postganglionic Nerves
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Nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the target tissue
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Synapse
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Space between nerves
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Neuroeffector junction
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Specialized synapse between a nerve cell and the organ or tissue it innervates
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Neurotransmitter
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Chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse
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Cholinergic
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Pertaining to the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine ACh
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Adrenegic
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Pertaining to the neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine |
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Parasympathomimetic
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Drug or other substances that cause effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous system.
(also called Cholinergic) |
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Parasympatholytic
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Drugs or other substances that block or inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
(also called anticholinergic) |
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SLUDGE : Effects of cholinergic medications
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Salivation
Lacrimation Urination Defecation Gastric Motility Emesis |
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Parasympathetic Acetylcholine receptors
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Muscarinic
Nicotinic Nicotinic N Neuron Nicotinic M Muscle |
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Sympathominetic
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Drugs or other substances that causes effects like those of other sympathetic nervous system
( also called adrenegic) |
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Sympatholytic
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Drug or other substances that block the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
( also called antiadrenergic) |
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Common Catecholamines
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Natural
Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine Synthetic Isoproterenol Dobutamine |
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Antihypertensives
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Diuretics
Beta-blockers and antiadrenergic ACE inhibitors Calcium channel blockers Direct vasodilators |
