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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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It is when 2 or more species live closely together |
SYMBIOSIS |
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– both organism (of different species) benefit from each other |
Mutualism |
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– one specie benefits without harming the other |
Commensalism |
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– one specie benefits at the expense of the other specie |
Parasitism |
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– it is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. |
Entamoeba histolytica |
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Shark and Remora |
Commensalism |
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Man and Resident bacterial flora |
Mutualism |
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Entameoba coli and humans (they usually reside in the large intestines) |
Commensalism |
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Lichens (Alga & Fungus) |
Mutualism |
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Termites & Flagellates |
Mutualism |
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are organisms that live on and obtain nutrients from another organism |
Parasites |
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Differentiate INFECT vs INFEST |
INFECT – invasion IN the human body(intestine, blood, tissue, liver, lung etc.) INFECT – invasion IN the human body(intestine, blood, tissue, liver, lung etc.)INFEST – invasion ON the human body (lice, ticks, etc.) INFECT – invasion IN the human body(intestine, blood, tissue, liver, lung etc.)INFEST – invasion ON the human body (lice, ticks, etc.) INFECT – invasion IN the human body(intestine, blood, tissue, liver, lung etc.)INFEST – invasion ON the human body (lice, ticks, etc.) INFEST – invasion ON the human body (lice, ticks, etc.) |
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Transport carriers known as _______________ are always responsible for transmission to the host. |
VECTORS |
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Ascaris lumbricoides Is it an endo or ecto parasite? |
Endo |
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Plasmodium falciparum Is it an endo or ecto? |
Endo |
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Schistosoma japonicum Is it an endo or an ecto |
Endo |
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Pediculus humanus capitis Is it an ecto and endo? |
Ecto |
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Sarcoptes scabiei Is it an endo or an ecto? |
Ecto |
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Cimex lecturalis Ecto or endo? |
Ecto |
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What are the types of parasites according to location? |
Endoparasite and Ectoparasite |
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– parasite established inside the host (eg. Ascaris lumbricoides, Plasmodium falciparum, Shistosoma japonicum |
Endoparasite |
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– parasite established in or on the exterior surface of the host. |
Ectoparasite |
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What are the types of parasites according to taxonomic groups? |
Protozoans, Helminths, Arthropods |
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Are unicellular microorganism (eg. Amebae, Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans) |
Protozoans |
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– worms, multicellular organisms (eg. Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes) |
Helminths |
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– free living organisms that pass thru the digestive tract w/out infecting the host. They are taken in by accident & then passed out harmlessly of an unsuitable host. Examples: Plant nematodes (ingested together w/ vegetables & fruits.) |
Spurious/Coprozoic |
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– relatively rare breed which are parasites of other parasites. They are natural objects of curiosity because it seems unbelievable that a parasite can be host to another organism. Examples: Plasmodium spp. |
Hyperparasites |
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– an artifact mistaken for a parasite. |
Pseudoparasite |
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– an artifact mistaken for a parasite. |
Pseudoparasite |
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What are the types of parasites according to the degree of association with the host? |
Obligatory, Facultative, Permanent, Temporary/Intermittent, Accidental/Incidental, Erratic/Aberrant |
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– parasites that cannot survive outside the host |
Obligatory |
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Parasites capable of existing independently of a host |
Facultative |
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- parasites that remain in the host from early life to maturity |
Permanent |
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– parasites that live on host for a short time |
Temporary/ Intermittent |
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– parasites that enter hosts not usually theirs |
Accidental/ Incidental |
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– parasites that are found in an organ not its usual habitat |
Erratic/ Aberant |
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What are the types of host? |
Definitive, Accidental/Incidental, Intermediate, Reservoir, Paratenic |
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– host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs |
Definitive |
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– host other than the normal one that is harbouring the parasite |
Accidental/Incidental |
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– host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs |
Intermediate |
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– host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs |
Intermediate |
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– host harbouring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected |
Reservoir |
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– host harbouring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected |
Reservoir |
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– host harbouring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected |
Reservoir |
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– host harbouring the parasite in an arrested state of development, capable of continuing life cycle in a subsequent suitable host |
Paratenic |
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What are the types of vectors? |
Biologic, Mechanical/phoretic |
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A type of vector in which parasites increase their numbers by multiplication or transformation inside the body of the carrierorganisms. (eg. Aedes Mosquito) |
Biologic |
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– vectors that only transmits the parasite (eg. Flies, cockroaches) |
MECHANICAL/ PHORETIC |
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State the stages in a parasitic life cycle. |
Mode of transmission, Infective stage, Diagnostic stage |
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– a morphologic form that invades humans |
INFECTIVE STAGE |
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– 1 or more forms that can be detected in the lab |
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE |
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A type of life cycle wherein the intermediate host is required for the parasite to achieve successful transmission from 1 infected host to another susceptible host. |
Direct |
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– A life cycle where at least 1 intermediate host or biological vector is required for the parasite to complete its transmission from the originally infected host to the susceptible potential new host. |
Indirect |
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– they are capable of causing injury/disease to the host |
Pathogens |
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– they harbor the pathogen with no apparent signs & symptoms. |
Carrier |
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– the process of inoculation |
Exposure |
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– occurs when an infective agent becomes established in the host. |
Infection |
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– occurs when an infective agent becomes established in the host. |
Infection |
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– the period between infection & evidence of symptoms. |
Incubation period/Clinical incubation |
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– the period between infection & evidence of symptoms. |
Incubation period/Clinical incubation |
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– period between infection or acquisition of the parasite & evidence or demonstration of infection. |
Prepatent period/Biologic incubation period |
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– occurs when infected individual becomes hisown direct source of infection. Examples: Enterobiasis, Capillaria philippinensis |
Autoinfection |
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– happens when an already infected person is reinfected with the same species resulting to massive infection. Example:Strongyloides |