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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where is the pancreas located?
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Under stomac
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What is an exocrine gland?
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secretes hormones into ducts
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How is the pancreas an exocrine gland?
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releases mucous and bicarbonate through ducts into the duodenum
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Function of pancreas?
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Invovled in digestion and maintains glucose levels
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B cells release?
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Insulin
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what type of hormone is insulin?
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peptide hormone
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What does alpha cells release?
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glucagon
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Describe the mechanism of insulin release
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When [glucose] outside cell>[glucose] intracellular, glu binds to GLUT and enters cell increasing [ATP]. If [ATP] high enough binds to and blocks K+/ATP channel --> depolarising cell, Ca2+ enters and causes insulin vesicles to fuse with pancreatic membrane and release!
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GLUT = glucose transporter
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Only when can glucose eneter the cell?
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when insulin is present and binds to insulin receptors
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what is glycogenolysis?
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breakdown of gycogen
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What is glycolysis?
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breakdown of glucose
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what is gylconeogenesis?
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creation of glycogen
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what is gluconeogenesis?
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creation of glucogen
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What happens in type I diabetes?
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Beta cells dont function (no insulin)
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What is wrong with those with type 2 diabetes?
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There is a delayed rise in insulin or tissues don't respond to insulin
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If insulin is not generated what happens?
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Glucose not taken up by cells --> liver and muscle cells detect deficit so start breaking down protein and fat --> can lead to death or acidosis
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how fast do soluble insulin act?
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rapid
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How is type 2 diabetes dealt with?
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diet and weight reduction initially and then drugs
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Symptoms of diabetes?
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Hyperglycemia - causing frequent urination and loss of water, deyhdration, damaged blood vessels and nerves
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What is the result of the use of oral hypoglycaemics?
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Promote insulin release
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Example of hypoglycemic and how it works
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Sulfonylureas: closes K+ channel causing depolarisation (ie. same action as ATP)
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What happens with too high insulin levels?
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seizure/death (hypoglycemia)
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What are major complications of diabetes?
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coronary heart disease, blindness, kidney disease/failure
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